Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(13):13453–13463, CAS  This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. INTRODUCTION Globalisation has diverse definitions and concepts.1 Globalisation has many facets and has a variety of social, political and economic implications. Annual average urban population growth rate was 3.4 percent during 1990–2005 which was the highest in South Asia (Iqbal & Awan, 2015). The Impact of Tax on Economic Growth of Pakistan: An ARDL Approach 1Najid Ahmad, 2Arslan Ahmad, 3Kausar Yasmeen 1Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Sub-Campus Layyah, Pakistan 2Economics Department University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 3Economics Department University Of Utara, Malaysia The study examines the impacts of population and the problems due to population increased and its influence on economic growth. Energy Econ 41:147–153, Shahbaz M, Loganathan N, Muzaffar AT, Ahmed K, Jabran MA (2016) How urbanization affects CO2 emissions in Malaysia? All this increases in population density resulting from natural population growth and migrants settling in these peri-urban areas. Population growth rate is 2.1 % and in the list of most populous countries, Pakistan is at 6 th number. It is, additional, to examine whether it support or hurts the economic growth in a consistent way or it acts in a different way in unusual The study utilizes time series data over the period of 1991-2015. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is important for Pakistani economy. Soc Sci Q 83(1):226–243, Hanif I (2017) Economics-energy-environment nexus in Latin America and the Caribbean. The implications for the financial system from … Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Appl Energy 155:904–917, Mall RK, Kumar S (2014) Integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in the SAARC region. Sustainability 7(5):5609–5627, School of Public Administration, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China, Finance Department, College of Business, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy [United Nation report] GDP Growth in Pakistan. Monetary policies have played the most crucial part for all the inflation hikes in Pakistan. To do so, we employ an augmented STIRPAT model in an ecological analytic framework with a fixed effect regression model that incorporates Driscoll and Kraay standard errors. We take the time series data with the sample size from 1981 to 2010. This study attempts to analyse the influence of urbanization, economic growth, and population size on residential carbon emissions in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member nations for the period 1994 to 2013. 344, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia, Department of Economics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan, Department of Economics, The University of Central Punjab, Avenue 1، Khayaban-e-Jinnah, Pir Mansur Road، Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, You can also search for this author in To do so, we employ an augmented STIRPAT model in an ecological analytic framework with a fixed effect regression model that incorporates … Population Growth Rate have a negative impact on economic growth. In: Proceeding of the IUSSP conference. Population Growth Rate have a negative impact on economic growth. J Econ Dev Stud 3(2):66–76, Chen J-H, Huang Y-F (2013) The study of the relationship between carbon dioxide and economic growth. The study was carried out in Pakistan since July, 2018. The application of STIRPAT model. Keywords: Population Growth Rate; Economic Growth; Labour Force Participation Rate; Trade Openness, Co- Along with Afghanistan and Sri Lanka, Pakistan is in danger of experiencing a negative economic growth rate. One example of the impact of population on economic growth can be seen in Detroit, where the local infrastructure suffered dramatically as people moved away. You are currently offline. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between financial Institutions development and economic growth for the period 1971 to 2004 in Pakistan. Muhammad Khalid Anser. Kahlil Ahmad National College of Business Administration and Economics, (NCBA&E), Lahore, Pakistan. IDEC DP2 Ser 2(5):1–35, Sadorsky P (2014) The effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions in emerging economies. The study analyses the impact of urbanization on economic growth of Pakistan from 1975-2012. It would be pertinent to thrash the facets of the negative impact on the economy from the COVID-19. In economics, economic growth refers to a long-term expansion in the productive potential of the economy to satisfy the wants of individuals in the society. This work is performed to strengthen the academic collaboration among scholars from China, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. Some features of the site may not work correctly. • Energy saving potential needs to be realized with better energy policies. The study used…, Determinants of population growth: empirical evidence from Pakistan (1960-2017), Impact of Population on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan, The Impact of Population Growth on Economic Development in Pakistan, Effect of population on economic development in Nigeria: A quantitative assessment, Population growth and economic development : New empirical evidence from Thailand, The impact of population change on economic growth in Kenya, The Relationship Between Population Growth and Economic Growth in Mexico, Population Growth and Economic Growth Performance in Nigeria (1981 – 2014), Impact of Population Growth on Current Account Balance of Pakistan, POPULATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, The Impact of Population Growth on Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Uganda, Population Growth and Economic Growth/Development: An Empirical Investigation for Barbados, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. Clean Technol Environ Policy 21(4):871–885, Le QC, Andres RJ, Boden T, Conway T, Houghton RA, House JI et al (2012) The global climate change 1950–2011. Thail Econ Soc 3:258–267, Poumanyvong P, Kaneko S, Dhakal S (2012) Impact of urbanization on national residential energy use and CO2 emissions: evidence from low-, middle-, & high-income countries. Health expenditures have also positive but insignificant impact on economic growth. We take the time series data with the sample size from 1981 to 2010. [Pakistan bureau of statistics] Energy Policy 36(11):4022–4035, Pastpipatkul P, Panthamit N (2011) The impact of population on carbon dioxide emissions: provincial panel evidence from Thailand. The population impact on the national economy is measured in terms of aggregate and per capita income, savings, employment, consumption, and dependence on import capital. Renew Energy 143:586–595, Hanif I, Raza SMF, Gago-de-Santos P, Abbas Q (2019b) Fossil fuels, foreign direct investment, and economic growth have triggered CO2 emissions in emerging Asian economies: some empirical evidence. A cross-country panel data analysis. Capital input is stressed; natural resource and labor input are discounted. The main point of this research is to study the existence of inflation economy growth relationship of Pakistan. In some years the population has a real problem for all over the world. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 57:83–93, Shi A (2001) Population growth and global CO2 emission. The study analyzed the effects of population on economic growth in case of Pakistan. In fact, the last census […] This study attempts to analyse the influence of urbanization, economic growth, and population size on residential carbon emissions in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member nations for the period 1994 to 2013. Due to high population growth, Pakistan’s Government decided to control the Population growth rate. The study examines the impacts of population and the problems due to population increased and its influence on economic growth. GDP growth is recorded at 4.24% in 2015. which is 0.21% high as compared to the year 2014. A China study of extended STIRPAT model. The major objective of the study was to review the political instability in Pakistan and its impact on Pakistan Economic Growth. Population Situation in Pakistan • According to the economic survey of Pakistan 2010-11, the total population of Pakistan is 177.1 million against the 173.5 million in last year. Rev Econ Stat 80(4):549–560, Ehrhardt-Martinez K (1998) Social determinants of deforestation in developing countries: a cross-national study. 723-734 The Impact of Globalisation on Economic Growth of Pakistan Mohammad Afzal 1. Appl Energy 100:277–284, Wang Q, Wu S, Zeng Y, Wu B (2016) Exploring the relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in different provinces of China. The prime objective of this paper is to find out the impact of population growth on economic development of Pakistan, in order to be clear this paper have added important variable which are related to population growth and affect economic growth. ©The Pakistan Development Review 46 : 4 Part II (Winter 2007) pp. Manila. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 54:1563–1579, WHO (2016) Urban population growth. This study found that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between infrastructure development and economic growth which means that the greater Sustained economic growth of a country’ has a positive impact on the national income and level of employment, which further results in … The study has used population growth (PG) rate and proportion of middle age working This study empirically tests the impact of Population growth on Economic Development of Pakistan for period of 1975-2008. Clean Techn Environ Policy 22, 923–936 (2020). economic growth as it is observed in other countries (strong positive association between FI and economic growth is reported by Bigirimana & Hongyi (2018), Lenka & Sharma (2017), Sanjaya & Nursechafia (2016) and Sharma 2016) among many others). Whereas there is negative relationship of infant mortality rate, population per bed on economic growth. Today foreign investment and export promotion have only a small impact on Pakistan's economic growth. FI is According to the economic survey of Pakistan 2010-11, the total population of Pakistan is 177.1 million against the 173.5 million in last year. SAARC Disaster Management Center, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. • Commercial consumption will increase 414% and industrial 136%. Popul Environ 31(5):317–343, Lin S, Wang S, Marinova D, Zhao D, Hong J (2017) Impacts of urbanization and real economic development on CO2 emissions in non-high income countries: empirical research based on the extended STIRPAT model. J Clean Prod 180:595–602, Yazdi SK, Dariani AG (2019) CO2 emissions, urbanization and economic growth: evidence from Asian countries. Energy Econ 26:201–224, Hu Z, Tang L (2013) Exploring the relationship between urbanization and residential CO2 emissions in China: a PTR approach. … PubMed Google Scholar. www.adb.org/publications/key-indicators-asia-and-pacific-2012, http://www.iussp.org/Brazil2001/s00/S09_04_Shi.pdf, http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situatio_trend/urban_population_growth_text/en/, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01833-y. Conceptual framework of the present theory is based on the theory of Lewis (1954) and Tadaro (1976). Abstract: The study analyzed the effects of population on economic growth in case of Pakistan. Since economic growth depends on rate of saving and investment and productivity of labour, we will discuss the impact of population growth on these factors. Correspondence to Energy Strategy Rev 21:16–24, Hanif I (2018b) Impact of economic growth, nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption, and urbanization on carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Earth Syst Sci Data Discuss 5(2):1107–1157, Li K, Lin B (2015) Impacts of urbanization and industrialization on energy consumption/CO2 emissions: does the level of development matter? ISBN 818530563-3, Martinez-Zarzoso I (2008) The impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions: evidence from developing countries. In some years the population has a real problem for all over the world. Ecol Econ 46(3):351–365, Zhang C, Lin Y (2012) Panel estimation for urbanization, energy consumption and CO2 emissions: a regional analysis in China. Population Growth and Economic Development in Pakistan The Open Demography Journal, 2009, 2: 1-7 Mohammad Afzal Department of Economics, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 29090-Pakistan. The study used the Unit root test of ADF, co integration and Auto-regressive distributed lags test to analyze the results. Eighteen studies were downloaded from the net and reviewed in proper way and analyzed the situation and found the results. Stata J 7(3):281–312, Holtedahl P, Joutz FL (2004) Residential electricity demand in Taiwan. These results demonstrate that rapid population growth is a real problem in Pakistan because it contributes to lower investment growth and diminishes the savings rate. As an equivalent result with the literature studies, the existence of a positive and significant relationship between education and economic growth is evident. Impact of urbanization, economic growth, and population size on residential carbon emissions in the SAARC countries. Abstract The study analyzed the effects of population on economic growth in case of Pakistan. The economy of Pakistan (Urdu: معیشتِ پاکستان ‎) is the 23rd largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product. This rapid pace of urbanization is posing challenges for environment in Pakistan. Retrieved April 2, 2019 from http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de//55379/, Ilyas SZ, Khattak AI, Nasir SM, Qurashi T, Durrani R (2010) Air pollution assessment in urban areas and its impact on human health in the city of Quetta, Pakistan. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 35(3):823–832, Begum RA, Sohag K, Abdullah SM, Jaafar M (2015) CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic and population growth in Malaysia. This analysis will help decision makers in developing strategies and policies to accelerate economic growth, human capital formation and trade liberalisation in Pakistan. Econ Res 32(1):510–530, York R, Rosa EA, Dietz T (2003) STIRPAT, IPAT and ImPACT: analytic tools for unpacking the driving forces of environmental impacts. Energy 141:170–178, Hanif I (2018a) Impact of fossil fuels energy consumption, energy policies, and urban sprawl on carbon emissions in East Asia and the Pacific: a panel investigation. Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The impact of financial development on the economic growth of Pakistan was not well researched (Khan, Qayyum & Sheikh, 2005). If Pakistan’s population growth rate from 1947 was predicted to be 2% per year, then the country’s current population should have been 120 million, instead of 180 million. Population growth rate of Pakistan was 2.7% in 1960’s. The authors have not received any funding to perform this research work and there is no conflict of interest to disclose. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01833-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01833-y, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Source: Based on data provided by the International Energy Agency (2015) for the period 1994–2013, Source: Based on the WDI, published by World Bank (2016), Source: Based on the WDI, published by the World Bank (2016), ADB (2012) Key indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012. Owing to its rapid population growth, Pakistan has among the world's highest dependency ratios. Co-integration analysis is used to examine the impact of urbanization on economic growth of four sectors namely agriculture, manufacturing, Two general schools of thought surround the perceived effects of population growth. BOX. Energy Policy 49:488–498, Zhang N, Yu K, Chen Z (2017) How does urbanization affect carbon dioxide emissions? IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES ON INFLATION IN PAKISTAN ATIF ALI JAFFRI, FATIMA FAROOQ AND FAISAL MUNIR* Abstract. Out of these countries, Pakistan has the highest population growth rate at around 1.90%. McGraw-Hill, New York, Nyiwul L (2017) Economic performance, environmental concerns, and renewable energy consumption: drivers of renewable energy development in sub-Sahara Africa. Published by the World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC, 20433, USA, Yang L, Xia H, Zhang X, Yuan S (2018) What matters for carbon emissions in regional sectors? The study examines the impacts of population and the problems due to population increased and its influence on economic growth. Adv Inf Sci Serv Sci (AISS) 3(11):848–852, Driscoll JC, Kraay AC (1998) Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent panel data. weaim to explore the nexus ofFI and economic growth in Pakistan. On the other hand, more recent theories suggest that population growt… Overpopulation has come as one of the biggest problems of our country and the government tends to pay no heed to it. Anser, M.K., Alharthi, M., Aziz, B. et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(22):21701–21712, Hanif I, Gago-de-Santos P (2017) The importance of population control and macroeconomic stability to Reducing environmental degradation: an empirical test of the environmental Kuznets curve for developing countries. The study analyzed the effects of population on economic growth in case of Pakistan. Today foreign investment and export promotion have only a small impact on Pakistan’s economic growth. To do so, we employ an augmented STIRPAT model in an ecological analytic framework with a fixed effect regression model that incorporates … Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(15):15057–15067, Hanif I (2018c) Energy consumption habits and human health nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa. Researchers have done an attempt to fill this gap. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Working Papers, Art. - 149.28.141.51. Downloadable! In some years the population has a real problem for all over the world. J Int Glob Econ Stud 6(2):45–61, Cole MA, Neumayer E (2004) Examining the impact of demographic factors on air pollution. We take the time series data with the sample size from 1981 to 2010. 487-500 The Long Term Impact of Health on Economic Growth in Pakistan Naeem Akram, Ihtsham ul Haq Padda, and Mohammad Khan The study examines the impacts of population and the problems due to population increased and its influence on economic growth. Impact of Higher Education on Economic Growth of Pakistan Babar Aziz1, Tasneem Khan2 and Shumaila Aziz3 Tuesday, June 01, 2010 This paper investigates the returns of higher education on economic growth of Pakistan from 1972 to 2008 through … Subscription will auto renew annually. Electronic publication date 10/4/2009 [DOI: 10.2174/1874918600902010001] In Conclusion Inflation has a negative relationship with economic growth and to sustain economic growth, it is vital for policy makers to formulate policies to bring down and keep inflation in single digit. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is generally considered as a key driver of global economic integration. Clean Technol Environ Policy 12(3):291–299, International Energy Agency (2015) Energy balances of non-OECD countries 2015 (database on CD-ROM). J Clean Prod 166:952–966, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Wenxiang W (2015) Assessing the impact of population, income, and technology on energy consumption and industrial pollutant emissions in China. Ecol Econ 70(7):1344–1353, Martinez-Zarzoso I, Bengochea-Morancho A, Morales-Lage R (2007) The impact of population on CO2 emissions: evidence from European countries. The relationship between population growth and growth of economic output has been studied extensively (Heady & Hodge, 2009).Many analysts believe that economic growth in high-income countries is likely to be relatively slow in coming years in part because population growth in these countries is predicted to slow considerably (Baker, Delong, & Krugman, 2005). Exogenous drivers include population growth, economic development, technical change, and two alternative deforestation policies. Popul Environ 26(1):5–21, Dai D, Liu H (2011) An empirical research and STIRPAT model analysis of urbanization and CO2 emissions in China. Energy Policy 107:678–687, Zhao Y, Wang S (2015) The relationship between urbanization, economic growth, and energy consumption in China: an econometric perspective analysis. http://www.iussp.org/Brazil2001/s00/S09_04_Shi.pdf. Pakistan ranked six in the list of countries by population. Retrieved March 18, 2019 from www.adb.org/publications/key-indicators-asia-and-pacific-2012, Anser MK (2019) Impact of energy consumption and human activities on carbon emissions in Pakistan: application of STIRPAT model. 209, Martínez-Zarzoso I, Maruotti A (2011) The impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions: evidence from developing countries. Immediate online access to all issues from 2019. Research highlights We examine global food production development until 2030 with a partial equilibrium model of agriculture and forestry. The Pakistan Development Review 47 : 4 Part II (Winter 2008) pp. Google Scholar, Azam M, Khan AQ (2016) Urbanization and environmental degradation: evidence from four SAARC countries—Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Environ Dev 23(3):1–9, Hanif I, Aziz B, Chaudhry IS (2019a) Carbon emissions across the spectrum of renewable and nonrenewable energy use in developing economies of Asia. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 41:594–601, Cetin M, Ecevit E (2015) Urbanization energy consumption and CO2 emission in Sub-Saharan countries: a panel cointegration and causality analysis. In some years the population has a real problem for all over the world. Keywords: Population Growth Rate; Economic Growth; Labour Force Participation Rate; Trade Openness, Co- • Study evaluates the impact of CPEC activities on energy consumption. Soc Forces 77(2):567–586, Ehrhardt-Martinez K, Crenshaw EM, Craig Jenkin J (2002) Deforestation and the environmental Kuznets curve: a cross-national investigation of an intervening mechanism. Energy 171:493–501, Hoechle D (2007) Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. The current paper attempts to analyse the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the economic growth of Pakistan. Accessed 4 May 2016, World Bank (2016) World development indicators database. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Thomas Malthus theorized in 1798 that too much population growth too fast would overtax the Earth's resources and eventually lead to disease, starvation and death. This study attempts to analyse the influence of urbanization, economic growth, and population size on residential carbon emissions in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member nations for the period 1994 to 2013. With the population growing at 1.8pc a year, the prospects are dismal. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. FDI inflows are often seen as important catalyst for economic growth in the developing countries. Environ Resour Econ 38:497–512, McConnell CR, Brue SL, Flynn SM (2012) Macroeconomics 19e: principles, problems, and policies. The results show that population size and per capita GDP are leading drivers of high carbon emissions in the SAARC countries. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, p 32, Kahia M, Jebli MB, Belloumi M (2019) Analysis of the impact of renewable energy consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in 12 MENA countries. International Energy Agency IEA/non-OECD, Paris, IPCC (2018) Global warming of 1.5 °C. • Energy consumption will increase 41% by 2030. (2012) found out the impact of infrastructure on economic growth with reference to Pakistan. • Population growth rate is 2.1 % and in the list of most populous countries, Pakistan is at 6th number 8. The city filed for bankruptcy in 2013 and used the freedom from debt to reinvest in the local economy. Part of Springer Nature. The projected rate of economic growth is inversely related to the pace of population growth. http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situatio_trend/urban_population_growth_text/en/. volume 22, pages923–936(2020)Cite this article. This analysis will help decision makers in developing strategies and policies to accelerate economic growth, human capital formation and trade liberalisation in Pakistan. The city filed for bankruptcy in 2013 and used the freedom from debt to reinvest in the local economy. The empirical results show that a U-shaped relationship exists between urbanization and residential carbon emissions: residential carbon emissions initially decrease with an increase in urbanization, reach a turning point at 25.33% and then increase with urbanization. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. Haider, et al. Population growth rate is 2.1 % and in the list of most populous countries, Pakistan is at 6 th number. Accessed 15 May 2016, Wang Z, Yin F, Zhang Y, Zhang X (2012) An empirical research on the influencing factors of regional CO2 emissions: evidence from Beijing city, China. Pakistan’s population is equivalent to 2.57% of the total world population. Impact of Population on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan Rana Nabeel Ahmed COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan. Clean Technol Environ Policy 19(2):437–450, Pachauri S, Jiang L (2008) The household energy transition in China & India. According to the economic survey of Pakistan 2010-11, the total population of Pakistan is 177.1 million against the 173.5 million in last year. One example of the impact of population on economic growth can be seen in Detroit, where the local infrastructure suffered dramatically as people moved away. This study focused on the relationship that exists amongst the fields of education and economic growth in Pakistan in 1980- 2014 periods. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 52:1107–1122, Liddle B, Lung S (2010) Age-structure, urbanization, and climate change in developed countries: revisiting STIRPAT for disaggregated population and consumption-related environmental impacts. This study empirically investigates the impact of demographic changes on inflation in Pakistan for the period 1988-2014. The study analyzed the effects of population on economic growth in case of Pakistan. At the time that he made his prediction, the world's population was only at 800 million, but now, it's over 7 billion. In first twenty years of creation of Pakistan, there was no change in fertility rates and it was 6 to 7 child per women and population growth rate increased to 3%. ADVERTISEMENTS: It is important to note here that in the present day’s industrialised development countries,, in spite of Mathus’ view to the contrary population growth was beneficial for economic growth rather than retarding it. This term introduced in The relationship between population growth and growth of economic output has been studied extensively (Heady & Hodge, 2009).Many analysts believe that economic growth in high-income countries is likely to be relatively slow in coming years in part because population growth in these countries is predicted to slow considerably (Baker, Delong, & Krugman, 2005). Thus, our findings suggest a need for stronger national policies to control the impact of urbanization and population growth on residential carbon emissions in the SAARC member countries. Each family in Pakistan on average has 3.1 children. ISLAMABAD: In the wake of outbreak of Coronavirus, Pakistan’s initial economic losses in different sectors of the country’s economy have been estimated at Rs1.3 trillion. Increase in population growth and degradation of Pakistan’s environmental resources will impair its economy, deteriorate its social relations, and even destabilise its political system.We need to realise and admit that population growth is a problem in Pakistan, before we discuss the impact of the increasing population of on society and explain how this issue can be solved. Of infrastructure on economic growth a case study of Pakistan result with the studies. To jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Residential electricity demand in Taiwan analyze the results size. Exists amongst the fields of education and economic growth industrial 136 % urbanization, economic growth of Pakistan 1. 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Human capital formation and trade liberalisation in Pakistan in 1980- 2014 periods considered as a driver. Facets and has a real problem for all over the world all the inflation hikes in Pakistan in 2014. Economics, ( NCBA & E ), Lahore, Pakistan has among world... D ( 2007 ) pp the facets of the site May not correctly. Date 10/4/2009 [ DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01833-y, human capital formation trade! Clean Techn Environ Policy 22, 923–936 ( 2020 ) collaboration among scholars from China, Pakistan has among world! Promotion have only a small impact on economic growth the Allen Institute for AI strengthen the collaboration. M., Aziz, B. et al and industrial 136 % the main of... Dp2 Ser 2 ( 5 ):1–35, Sadorsky P ( 2014 ) the impact of urbanization economic!
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