National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPOs), FAO Regional Plant Protection and Production Officers, Current consultation on draft specifications for ISPMs, Current expert consultation on draft DPs (ECDP), Current consultations for CPM Recommendations, The Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM), Technical Panel on Diagnostic Protocols (TPDP), Technical Panel on Forest Quarantine (TPFQ), Technical Panel on Pest Free Areas and Systems Approaches for Fruit Flies (TPFF), Technical Panel for the Glossary of phytosanitary terms (TPG), Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatments (TPPT), IPPC Global Project on Capacity Development under the framework of the FAO-China South-South Cooperation Programme, STDF Rolling out Systems Approach Globally, IPPC National Phytosanitary Capacity Development Strategy, Calls on Implementation and Capacity Development Activities, Consultation on Implementation and Capacity Development Documents, Call for Topics: Standards and Implementation, Framework for Standards and Implementation. A serious new disease of maize appeared in the farmers’ fields in eastern Africa in 2011. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in Kenya and Tanzania: Facts and actions. •. Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease. Maize lethal necrosis, a disease caused by a set of viruses, results in up to 100 per cent yield losses, thus having a devastating impact on food security and smallholders’ incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa, according to the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). These areas are located between longitude 32˚W and 38˚W and latitude 2˚S and 4˚s Summary The disease ever since has also been seen in Kilimanjaro region during the short rain crop in 2012, in Shinyanga, Mara and Irrigation schemes of Kondoa in Northern part of Dodoma in 2013. MLN is a disease caused by the synergistic combination of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV) and any from the potyvirus family, in this case Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV). Compared to previous year 2018/2019, total area used for corn harvesting is projected to increase by 1.2 percent (see Table 3: Production, Supply, and Distribution (PS&D). Post-harvest loss, ineffective extension services delivery systems, unreliable markets, pests and diseases such as Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) and Fall Army Worm (FAW) persist as challenges for corn production in Tanzania. Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) is a serious threat to maize production where it occurs. However, the observed symptoms were more severe than commonly associated with MCMV, suggesting the presence of maize lethal necrosis (MLN), a disease that results from maize infection with both MCMV and a potyvirus (4). Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) emerged as a serious threat to maize production and livelihoods of smallholders in eastern Africa since 2011. Symptoms similar to MLN were reported in Uganda, Tanzania, South Sudan and Ethiopia. A task force as formed comprising of staff from CIMMYT Kenya and Tanzania Scientist to conduct a survey of the disease (by George Mahuku and Dan Makumbi of CIMMYT 2012). Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) Tengeru Sub Center, P.O. During a monitoring and evaluation for the Maize working group activities in Tanzania in August, 2012 a peculiar disease was noted in Mlangiri in Arusha District, Rotia and Mbulumbulu in Karatu District (M & E Report presented to the MWG on 12th Nov 2012). Status and Epidemiology of Maize Lethal Necrotic Disease in Northern Tanzania. Highlights Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) emerged as a serious threat to maize production and livelihoods of smallholders in eastern Africa since 2011. It is now devastating fields in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. The disease is caused by a combination of two viruses, Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), a pathogen prevalent in many parts of Kenya affecting cereal crops. The Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) is a result of a combination of two viruses, the Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMoV) and any of the cereal viruses in the Potyviridae group, like the Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV), Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) or Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV). In September 2011, a disease outbreak in Kenya was positively identified as Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND). In September 2011, reports came of a devastating new maize disease in the Southern Rift Valley of Kenya. The disease has since been confirmed in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and similar symptoms have been reported in Tanzania… Intensive breeding efforts are being undertaken by CIMMYT Global Maize Program and national maize breeding programs to develop new resistant or MLN-tolerant varieties. Called maize lethal necrosis (MLN; or corn lethal necrosis, CLN), it can devastate maize crops. Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) or Corn lethal necrosis (CLN) is a result of infection of maize plants by SCMV and MCMV. Viruses involved in maize lethal necrosis disease. Managing Maize lethal necrosis disease in eastern and central Africa Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) negatively affects maize crops and their seeds and is threatening food and economic security in East and Central Africa. Maize lethal necrosis was first identified in the USA in 1976 ( Niblett and Caflin, 1978 ). pests and diseases such as Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) and Fall Army Worm (FAW). Called maize lethal necrosis (MLN; or corn lethal necrosis, CLN), it can devastate maize crops. It is caused by simultaneous infection with two viruses, maize chlorotic mottle virus of the Tombusviridae family and a virus from the Potyviridae group: maize dwarf mosaic virus, wheat streak mosaic virus, sugarcane mosaic virus, Johnsongrass mosaic … In September 2011, a serious disease outbreak, later diagnosed as maize lethal necrosis (MLN), was reported on maize in Kenya. •. By October 2012, a study team sent by CIMMYT and the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) confirmed the disease to be maize lethal necrosis (MLN). Since then the disease has been reported in Rwanda and DR . Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Tanzania is restricted to the northern part of Tanzania in the regions of Arusha, Kilimanjaro, Manyara, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Mara and the District of Kondoa in Dodoma region. The new maize lethal necrosis (MLN) online portal provides up-to-date information and surveillance tools to help researchers control and stop the spread of the deadly disease. The detection of both viruses, either alone or in combination in the samples collected confirmed the presence of MLND in Tanzania January 29, 2013. Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) … This project researched solutions to minimize or eliminate the risks and effects of the disease in the region. For instance, in Kansas, crop losses due to MLND have been estimated to be 50-90% (Niblett and Claflin, 1978; Uyemoto et al., 1980) depending on the variety of maize and the year. A recently-emerged disease in Eastern Africa, maize lethal necrosis ( MLN ), remains a serious concern. Organized by CIMMYT and the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute ( KARI ), the workshop brought together nearly 70 scientists, seed company breeders and … Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in Kenya and Tanzania: Facts and actions, Promising CIMMYT maize inbreds and pre-commercial hybrids identified against maize lethal necrosis (MLN), Maize lethal necrosis: Scientists and key stakeholders discuss strategies as the battle continues, MLN diagnostics and management in Africa through multi-institutional synergies. The disease was first reported in the Southern Rift Valley region of Kenya in 2011 [ 3] and Mwanza and Arusha regions in Tanzania in 2012 [ … Losses in maize seed production in Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania occasioned by a viral disease have dropped by 17 percent following efforts by scientists to develop superior seed. It causes yield loses of up to 100% and has been registered as a threat to food security in the region. Maize Lethal Necrosis disease (MLND) is a key regional and transboundary challenge that continues to bring havoc to farmers’ maize grain harvest and threatens food security in the eastern African region. Beyond his current research on maize lethal necrosis disease, Massawe hopes to diagnose a range of other viruses affecting crops in his native country to improve the plight of Tanzania’s many small farmers and the nutrition of the nation as a whole. Despite its importance, maize production is hindered by maize lethal necrosis (MLN), a devastating viral disease that is currently spreading at an alarming rate. Box 1253, Arusha, Tanzania. First identified in farmers’ fields in eastern Africa in 2011, Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLN) results from the combined infection of two plant viruses and can cause nearly 100 percent crop loss. An intensive multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional strategy is being implemented to curb the spread of MLN in sub-Saharan Africa, and mitigate the impact of the disease. The symptoms were described as mottling of the leaves, small cobs with few grains, and necrosis of young leaves leading to “dead heart” and eventually plant death. Malnutrition Amid Food Waste Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a disease of maize caused by coinfection of maize with maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and one of several viruses from the Potyviridae, such as sugarcane mosaic virus, maize dwarf mosaic virus, Johnsongrass mosaic virus or wheat streak mosaic virus. Internationally, MLND has been reported from Peru, USA, Argentina, Mexico, Thailand, razil and hina. Corn lethal necrosis (maize lethal necrosis disease) Virus complex (Maize chlorotic mottle virus [MCMV] and Maize dwarf mosaic virus [MDMV] A or B or Wheat streak mosaic virus [WSMV]) Cucumber mosaic Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Johnsongrass mosaic Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV) Maize bushy stunt Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), assoc. Maize lethal necrosis has spread fast in the eastern and central Africa region after its first report in Kenya (Wangai et al., 2012). markets, pests, and diseases such as Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) and Fall Army Worm (FAW) persist as challenges for corn production in Tanzania. The disease is difficult to control for two reasons: It is caused by a combination of two viruses that are … The Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) is a result of a combination of two viruses, the Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMoV) and any of the cereal viruses in the Potyviridae group, like the Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV), Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) or Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV). Therefore, samples were tested for the presence of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), which is present in Kenya (2). It is caused by a combination of two viruses that are difficult to differentiate individually based on visual symptoms. A regional workshop on the disease and its management strategies was held during 12-14 February 2013 in Nairobi, Kenya. The insects that transmit the disease-causing viruses may be carried by wind over long distances. A serious new disease of maize appeared in the farmers’ fields in eastern Africa in 2011. For instance, in Tanzania, the disease was first reported in 2012 in regions around Lake Victoria and Arusha (CIMMYT Periodic Newsletter, Dec 2012). Maize lethal necrosis disease is a viral disease affecting maize predominantly in East Africa, Southeast Asia and South America, which was recognised in 2010. rop losses of up to 100% were … Maize Lethal Necrosis: Building a comprehensive response. An intensive multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional strategy is being implemented to curb the spread of MLN in sub-Saharan Africa, and mitigate the impact of the disease. Maize lethal necrosis disease symptoms (Photo 1a and Photo 1b) is caused by the synergistic co-infection of maize with maize chlorotic mottle virus symptoms (Photo 2) and any virus from the family Potyviridae, these include wheat streak mosaic virus, maize dwarf mosaic virus symptoms or sugarcane mosaic virus symptoms (formerly maize dwarf mosaic virus-B… Maize leaf samples were collected from affected areas in Mwanza, Manyara and Arusha regions and after analysis tested serologically positive for MCMV and SCMV, confirming the presence of MLN in Tanzania. A new challenge for maize scientists in East Africa. The disease is difficult to control for two reasons: National and global research and extension organizations, laboratories, and seed companies are working together to control the spread of the disease and to develop and deploy disease-resistant maize varieties for the farmers as soon as possible. In Uganda, Tanzania and Uganda by wind over long distances then the and. 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