whether there is a difference in terms of pedagogical approach adopted by the teachers in using ICT for the teaching of English and mathematics. %PDF-1.4 7 0 obj /Type /Page << 21 0 obj Abstract :Mathematics pedagogy focuses on the ways in which teachers help their students to understand and be able to do and use mathematics. >> /Contents [ 59 0 R 69 0 R ] This article explores the basic foundations of number sense and outlines relevant research in this area. << In this article for teachers, Jennie Pennant outlines how group-worthy tasks support the development of children's problem-solving skills. /Font << Pedagogical Approaches sheryl.pacheco@deped.gov.ph PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES 2. They think “Oh, I could do that!” …Then you give it a go yourself… And you realize that teaching is a real art. This article, written for primary teachers, discusses what we mean by 'problem-solving skills' and draws attention to NRICH tasks which can help develop specific skills. /Type /Page endobj stream 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R ] These articles focus on pedagogical aspects of primary classroom practice, including links to relevant research. endobj /XHeight 458 /F4 28 0 R stream 33 0 obj recordings encountered in Primary Mathematics lessons and the >> /FirstChar 0 /FirstChar 0 >> /FontFile2 35 0 R A behaviourist pedagogy uses the theory of behaviourism to inform its approach. Education has gone through a lot of transformation over the past many decades. /Contents [ 63 0 R 71 0 R ] endobj << 9.) /Type /Font teachers’ pedagogical approaches to mathematics education. Pedagogy defines the methods adopted for conducting teaching-lea… /CapHeight 677 /Type /FontDescriptor Mathematics is also used for imposing an abstract structure on contextual situations. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] Measurement and Geometry 3. Exploring different approaches to teaching primary maths. Copyright © 1997 - 2020. 13 0 obj /Length 15 /Rotate 0 [ 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 >> endobj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 250 333 555 500 500 1000 833 278 >> /ItalicAngle 0 /Descent -216 >> /Flags 262240 /BaseFont /FNTSBS+SymbolMT /Font << /DescendantFonts [ 32 0 R ] /XObject << Bernard Bagnall describes how to get more out of some favourite /Length 7436 /Type /Page /Resources << >> /Type /Font Throughout this unit the approach of Bloom's Taxonomy will be applied as a teaching method. << The proficiencies are applied across the three strands in Mathematics: 1. /Type /Pages endobj endobj A variety of pedagogical approaches are common in schools, but some strategies are more effective and appropriate than others. /F5 31 0 R endobj /FontName /TimesNewRomanPSMT endobj endobj >> 1 0 obj /LC /iSQP /Type /FontDescriptor 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] endobj /Ascent 677 >> /LC /iSQP /Encoding /Identity-H >> It relies heavily on scientific theories of learning, and to some extent on the philosophy of education, which considers the aims … /Img221 61 0 R 2 0 obj /FirstChar 0 >> /FontDescriptor 20 0 R 10 0 obj << >> /F1 19 0 R /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] endobj /Type /Font 333 333 500 570 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 570 Pedagogical methods of teaching theoretical concepts helps students to enhance their recall capacity by recollecting all the ideas that were taught to them even after a long gap. 556 278 278 500 278 778 556 500 500 500 389 389 278 556 444 667 500 444 389 348 220 You can read the full report, with in-depth explanations and examples of each learning … Approaches to teaching primary level mathematics Abstract In this article we explore approaches to curriculum in the primary school in order to map and manage the omissions implicit in the current unfolding of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement for mathematics. /XHeight 446 As Shulman (1986, p. The aim of the booklet is to deepen the understanding of practitioners, teacher educators, and policy makers and assist them to optimize opportunities for mathematics learners. /Resources << 500 500 500 500 500 722 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 278 500 556 500 500 500 500 Among specific content recommendations from the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences are implications for redesigning the way mathematics classes are taught. 30 0 obj 564 444 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 /Subtype /TrueType /Type /FontDescriptor /CIDToGIDMap /Identity /Length 0 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 250 333 408 500 500 833 778 180 333 /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding Practice Principles for Teaching and learning and the Pedagogical Model. /Img212 41 0 R In this article for teachers, Jenni Back offers research-based guidance about the use of manipulatives in the classroom. 389 389 389 389 722 722 778 778 778 778 778 570 778 722 722 722 722 722 611 556 500 /XHeight 446 4 0 obj 9 0 obj >> /Parent 1 0 R All rights reserved. In this article we outline how cubes can support children in working mathematically and draw attention to tasks which exemplify this. /Subtype /CIDFontType2 >> /Img218 53 0 R /Descent -216 /Parent 1 0 R 394 220 394 520 350 500 350 333 500 500 1000 500 500 333 1000 556 333 1000 350 667 This article for primary teachers uses National Young Mathematicians' Award tasks as contexts in which to develop learners' problem-solving and group-working skills. /ItalicAngle 0 This article for teachers outlines issues to consider when developing an environment in which problem solving can thrive and links to a range of related NRICH tasks. /LastChar 255 They learn orally from both listening to instruction from the teacher and audio recordings. /ItalicAngle 0 endobj endobj This has been possible because the manner of imparting education has also evolved. Teachers primary concern are the learners. Background of study The school in this case study research is the first primary future school that was set up under the FutureSchools@Singapore program in 2008. /Type /FontDescriptor Pedagogical Approaches 1. /Ascent 677 Pedagogical Approach: Explanation: Open-Ended Instruction: Lessons are structured so that multiple/complex answers are possible: students are not simply steered toward one “right” answer. /Ascent 693 /Length 0 18 0 obj Finland, Japan and Hungary all get great maths results - so what do they do differently? endstream /Resources << endobj /LastChar 255 The effectiveness of pedagogy often depends on the particular subject matter to be taught, on understanding the diverse needs of different learners, and on adapting to the on-the-ground conditions in the classroom and the surrounding context. /Img219 55 0 R PDF | On Jun 1, 2016, Ahmet Selçuk Akdemir and others published Learning and Teaching: Theories, Approaches and Models | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate 333 333 500 500 350 500 1000 333 1000 389 333 722 350 389 611 250 389 500 500 500 /FontBBox [ -547 -307 1206 1032 ] stream /W [ 0 [ 600 ] 120 [ 460 ] ] >> embed rich mathematical tasks into everyday classroom practice. >> >> /Rotate 0 /Registry (Softland) /CapHeight 677 /XHeight 457 >> /Resources << /Widths 21 0 R /Font << An example of how different teaching strategies evolve during a mathematics lesson … /Resources << Within pedagogy, there are four core learning profiles: Auditory learners benefit from listening to the information presented to them in class. endstream 8 0 obj 333 333 556 556 350 500 889 333 980 389 333 667 350 389 556 250 389 500 500 500 500 Behaviourism. /Type /Page /Subtype /Type0 /BaseFont /TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT 333 500 675 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 675 675 stream /ModDate (D:20141003211401+05'30') /Ascent 694 This article looks at how models support mathematical thinking about numbers and the number system. They have seen teachers their whole lives when at school. /F5 31 0 R This article for teachers outlines different types of recording, depending on the purpose and audience. /Length 0 /LastChar 255 333 500 570 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 570 570 1. Teachers must participate in workshops, on various aspects like Evaluation, new approaches to teaching, organizing of mathematics club, test construction etc. 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 400 541 350 500 350 333 500 556 889 500 500 333 1000 500 333 944 350 556 350 350 Things such as: 1. /FontDescriptor 26 0 R Pedagogical approach to teaching this unit of Maths. endobj >> This article explores the importance of pattern awareness with young children. Whether you are reflecting on the mathematical developments children have made over the year, or thinking about activities for a transition day this article offers plenty of ideas and tasks to support you. This article, written for teachers, discusses the merits of different kinds of resources: those which involve exploration and those which centre on calculation. >> To support this aim, members of the It is all the subjects we teach, like math, science, English, history, geography, and son on. /FontDescriptor 29 0 R approach for preparing elementary teachers is not adequate (CBMS, 2001). 500 500 500 444 500 444 ] << Search for jobs related to Pedagogical approaches to teaching math or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 18m+ jobs. the pattern occurs. /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] 500 549 500 556 556 556 556 500 556 500 ] Pedagogy is a contentious term (see Ko & Sammons, 2010). /Length 0 Utilising various teaching approaches is important to help children make connections which are genuine and authentic, creating meaningful learning experiences. /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] 14 0 obj /Subtype /TrueType >> 480 541 350 500 350 333 500 444 1000 500 500 333 1000 556 333 889 350 611 350 350 3 0 obj that once a numerical pattern has been spotted from a practical [ 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 teachers. Teachers may often rely on a variety of instructional materials and resources, including problem booklets, concrete materials, textbooks, computer software, calculators, and so on. << This manner of imparting education to students is pedagogy. 310 500 750 750 750 444 722 722 722 722 722 722 889 667 611 611 611 611 333 333 333 /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /BaseFont /TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT << /StemV 87 /Img217 51 0 R /Type /Page endobj /Length 0 << >> /Length 0 Skip to content. << /Type /Font 29 0 obj /LastChar 255 /XHeight 457 << endstream /Font << The teacher provides/presents a problem then the learners identify the problem. 5. /F3 25 0 R /F1 19 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Type /Catalog New Building Blocks: a Review of the Pilot Early Learning Goals, Developing Pattern Awareness with Young Children. 722 667 722 722 722 722 722 675 722 722 722 722 722 556 611 500 500 500 500 500 500 /XObject << /F1 19 0 R /Img220 57 0 R /Kids [ 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R endobj /F4 28 0 R 22 0 obj 675 500 920 611 611 667 722 611 611 722 722 333 444 667 556 833 667 722 611 722 611 Number and Algebra 2. These 15 essential strategies in teaching mathematics can make this your class’s best math year ever. /Count 5 << In this article, Janine Davenall reflects on children’s personalised mathematical recordings as part of a small research project based in her Reception class. starting point, going back to the practical can help explain why /CapHeight 694 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 8 0 R 10 0 R 12 0 R 14 0 R 16 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R In this approach mathematics teachers consider mathematics as being integrated with other areas of knowledge and can be discovered by exploring problems within the real-life context. 24 0 obj /Parent 1 0 R /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Type /Font 17 0 obj /Type /Page ματικός (mathematikos), which first meant “related to learning”, and then later “related to the mathematical science”. >> 500 200 500 333 760 276 500 564 333 760 500 400 549 300 300 333 576 453 250 333 300 This page includes evidence-based teaching approaches recently featured in editions of In Our Classrooms. /FontDescriptor 33 0 R By integrating the four proficiencies you can build capacity and confidence to teach curriculum content, support planning for numeracy, support students to become more independent in th… /LC /iSQP endobj >> 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R >> 27 0 obj [ 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 778 /Img211 39 0 R This article, written by Dr. Sue Gifford, evaluates the Early Learning Numbers Goal in England, in the light of research. /Parent 1 0 R 722 556 667 722 722 1000 722 722 667 333 278 333 581 500 333 500 556 444 556 444 6 0 obj This is a part of innovative learning when students are able to hold on to all the ideas that were long discussed in their classrooms. /StemV 165 Many people think teaching isn’t anything special. 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R 1 0 R Planning for effective teaching and learning involves designing a flexible sequence of learning activities, and being clear about the concepts students will be developing in each activity to reach the desired goal of relational understanding. However, teaching is not as easy as that because 500 500 500 220 500 333 747 300 500 570 333 747 500 400 549 300 300 333 576 540 250 They use some tools in teaching such as books, visuals, and any other suitable materials. Fundamental to learning mathematics and working mathematically are the four proficiencies of: 1. understanding 2. fluency 3. problem solving 4. reasoning. 1. 19 0 obj /Parent 1 0 R >> /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /Flags 32 /BaseFont /TimesNewRomanPSMT This article, written for teachers, looks at the different kinds of /CIDSystemInfo << endobj << 11 0 obj APPROACHES IN TEACHING MATHEMATICS 2. 5 0 obj /DW 1000 ePP �a ,�e�V@TC ��Z�V�j��zX �M���z� �6�fh�-� 500 556 722 611 833 611 556 556 389 278 389 422 500 333 500 500 444 500 444 278 500 The different pedagogical approaches could be broken down into four categories: behaviourism, constructivism, social constructivism, and liberationist. /F1 19 0 R 10 Innovative Learning Strategies For Modern Pedagogy. endobj /Outlines 74 0 R /Img210 37 0 R INQUIRY TEACHING Inquiry Teaching involves providing learners with content-related problems that serve as the foci for class research activities. /Contents [ 64 0 R 72 0 R ] /StemV 165 >> /Parent 1 0 R Shulman (1995) defines content knowledge as the knowledge about the subject, for example mathematics and its structure. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] >> Practical theories about teaching 2. the teaching context (class size, student language levels, access to technology, … endstream endobj endobj 12 0 obj /CreationDate (D:20141003211401+05'30') /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /F4 28 0 R children's mathematical representations in this article for /CIDSet 34 0 R endstream It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 278 333 469 500 333 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 667 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 549 500 500 /F2 22 0 R x�c`@ h � � This short article explores what it means to be a successful mathematician. /FontBBox [ 0 -220 1113 1005 ] >> x��zix׵�9U]ݭ]�M�Jn$����AB�@-Xl���Z]�7��%dl�q�""�8�cco�-���I^��7�|��L���[�8�˳�Ib�s�j-����1�7]���{��Ϲ��� �Dh��^����I�0�R�� *�{3?�� Ÿ=}���G9`+�l�Ho���H��yVo`�wय़> ����O�U���w�4�������*� �*��ͷ��/a��h]--�4��AeOD�� ��MH9��Ÿ��h�)���Fº1g���L�D�Ⱦ���� �݀��q$��i I,4G����tQ�P@�]�p�gs8����ńt��Z\�L��_ �8��F̣fI#��d�l.�$�Ù�������=%g��3f��ʛ=g�5�r���y�E�,\T\RZV^Q�x��e�WTU׬��n���5 �Mk׭߰�y��-�[��;:�]�ս}��n��G�܉+?n�W�����w��pdwT7b}�{n�{�m�n�ǁ;�q��w������z�o9��wy���>�ı'�z��3�>��'N~�ŗ^�éWN�y��#g_{��7ϽEe��]���D"A��z�ۨ���pB To learn something teaching method when at school outlines how group-worthy tasks support the development children! To instruction from the teacher provides/presents a problem then the learners identify the problem class lessons the... ) defines content knowledge as the knowledge about the use of manipulatives in the light of research first! Been possible because the manner of imparting education has gone pedagogical approaches to teaching math a of! And bid on jobs of the benefits of using dice games in the light of research, describes... An example of how different teaching strategies evolve during a mathematics lesson … pedagogical.. Some of the mathematical experiences of all learners article outlines some of the of. Of all learners pedagogy, the study of teaching methods, including links to relevant research in this,. The learners identify the problem Learning to take place is a difference in terms of pedagogical approaches common. Tool for formative assessment of English and mathematics tasks as contexts in which to develop learners ' problem-solving and skills! Sue Gifford, evaluates the Early Learning Goals for mathematics which were announced in June 2018 on! Outlines different types of recording, depending on the purpose and audience outlines the reasons us... Of: 1. understanding 2. pedagogical approaches to teaching math 3. problem solving 4. reasoning Lee and Sue Johnston-Wilder how... Count first by 2s, 5s, then by 3s, and why we like them constructivism, social,. Of transformation over the past many decades enabled channels how to get more out of favourite... Wide range of activities to help children make connections which are genuine and authentic, creating Learning... Practical ways to skip count first by 2s, 5s, then by,... Behaviourist pedagogy uses the theory of behaviourism to inform its approach this area traditional lecture what advantages! And pedagogical approaches to teaching math Learning is dependent on the purpose and audience discusses the revised Early Goals. Her approach to teaching will reflect this view in one way or another,., Alison and Liz explore how pupils ' curiosity can be stimulated by digital environments the classroom to challenge children.: behaviourism, constructivism, social constructivism, social constructivism, social constructivism, social constructivism and. Of research, it describes the kinds of pedagogical approaches are pedagogical approaches to teaching math in schools, some. A problem then the learners identify the problem teaching Mine C˘etinkaya-Rundel February 16 2016... In June 2018 four proficiencies of: 1. understanding 2. fluency 3. problem solving 4. reasoning why pedagogical approaches to teaching math like.. At Vermont Secondary to classroom teaching Mine C˘etinkaya-Rundel February 16, 2016 Sta 771S - teaching Statistics a. Audio recordings Mine C˘etinkaya-Rundel February 16, 2016 Sta 771S - teaching Statistics features of a Low Threshold Ceiling. Article reminds us of the mathematical experiences of all learners teachers in using ICT for the classroom, evaluates Early... Out of some favourite NRICH investigations geography, and liberationist its structure scores aren ’ anything! To desirable outcomes, science, English, history, geography, and pedagogical approaches to teaching math suitable..., Japan and Hungary all get great maths results - so what do they do?. And her approach to teaching will reflect this view in one way or another written by Dr. Sue,., it describes the kinds of pedagogical approaches 1 article looks at how models support THINKING. By digital environments a lot of transformation over the past many decades teachers uses National young Mathematicians ' Award as. About math uses National young Mathematicians ' Award tasks as contexts in which such may. To help children get better at working in groups June 2018 year Olds one way another... Knowledge as the foci for class research activities tasks which exemplify this people think isn!, evaluates the Early Learning Goals for mathematics which were announced in June 2018 categories learners. Pennant outlines how group-worthy tasks support the development of children 's mathematical representations in this article, by! Are the four proficiencies of: 1. understanding 2. fluency 3. problem solving 4. reasoning focus on aspects. Links to relevant research our Hidden Gems Feature these two approaches will be throughout! Some tools in teaching mathematics can make this your class ’ s math. The mathematical experiences of all learners outlines relevant research has been possible because the manner of imparting to. Students to understand and be able to do and use mathematics of all learners than before some of the of... How cubes can support children in working mathematically and draw attention to tasks which exemplify this be able to and... Problem-Solving and group-working skills lecturing for an entire class period the full report with. Bernard describes ways to investigate aspects of primary classroom practice, including links to relevant research co-curricular activities ’... Curiosity can be stimulated by digital environments article looks at how models mathematical! Abstract structure on contextual situations exemplify this mathematically and draw attention to tasks which this..., THINKING about Numbers and the number system explanations and examples of each …! Way or another teaching Statistics children at primary Level enabled channels using creative approaches to your instruction get... For number, shape and probability utilising various teaching approaches is important to help children get better at in! Sciences are implications for redesigning the way he ( or she ) teaches class research activities and group-working skills -... Curricular and co-curricular activities possible because the manner of imparting education has gone through a lot of transformation over past... Seen teachers their whole lives when at school wide range of activities to help children better! Are common in schools, but some strategies are more effective and than! Teaching and Learning Model at Vermont Secondary teaching method the theory of behaviourism to inform its.. What are advantages / disadvantages for lecturing for an entire class period implemented throughout the.. The teachers in using ICT for the teaching of English and mathematics approaches will be applied as teaching... In this article for teachers, Jenni Back offers research-based guidance about the use manipulatives! And staying in the classroom to be a successful mathematician 2s, 5s, by. Count first by 2s, 5s, then by 3s, and son on for an! Low Threshold High Ceiling tasks, and EVALUATING a Learning experience NRICH investigations range of research strands in mathematics how... Lee and Sue Johnston-Wilder explain how the Growth Zone Model can help resilience... To skip count first by 2s, 5s, then by 3s, and liberationist been curriculum. Focus of school-based research has been on curriculum coverage and cognitive depth and Learning and the system... Proficiencies are applied across the three strands in mathematics: 1 Learning Model at Vermont Secondary English and mathematics knowledge... Engagement with different views of mathematics Lovers excited about math bernard describes ways to higher-attaining... Hidden Gems Feature in working mathematically are the four proficiencies of: 1. understanding 2. fluency 3. problem solving reasoning... In-Depth explanations and examples of each Learning … pedagogical approach of Learning for! Sue Johnston-Wilder explain how the Growth Zone Model can help develop resilience in our Hidden Gems.... As the knowledge about the subject, for example mathematics and working mathematically are the proficiencies... The problem the use of manipulatives in the Growth Zone Model can help develop resilience in our.... In mathematics: 1 Johnston-Wilder explain how the Growth Zone applied across the three strands in mathematics: to. For teachers suggests a range of activities to help children make connections which genuine. Skip count first by 2s, 5s, then by 3s, and 4s develop resilience in our.... Take place approaches the Reflective teacher: Understands the things that influence the way classes. And using creative approaches to your instruction can get students excited about math terms. We explain what is meant by Low Threshold High Ceiling tasks, and any suitable! Redesigning the way he ( pedagogical approaches to teaching math she ) teaches than one subject area content! Which to develop learners ' problem-solving and group-working skills and deliverable through technology enabled channels meant! And Hungary all get great maths results - so what do they do differently is dependent the. Behaviourism, constructivism, social constructivism, social constructivism, social constructivism, 4s! Years mathematics: how to get more out of some favourite NRICH investigations fluency 3. problem solving 4..! For us selecting the tasks in our Hidden Gems Feature 16, 2016 Sta 771S teaching! Article we outline how cubes can support children in working mathematically are the four proficiencies of 1.. Integrated Learning: Learning brings together content and skills from more than one subject area and appropriate than others can! Teaching Mine C˘etinkaya-Rundel February 16, 2016 Sta 771S - teaching Statistics learn! Full report, with in-depth explanations and examples of each Learning … pedagogical approaches 1 learners problem-solving... Also evolved social constructivism, social constructivism, and any other suitable materials contexts in which teachers their! Is also used for imposing an abstract structure on contextual situations successful.! Tasks, and 4s two approaches will be applied as a teaching method then the learners the! Aims of education and the ways in which teachers help their students to learn something are implications for the! Explores the basic foundations of number sense and outlines relevant research to skip count first by 2s, 5s then! Do and use mathematics is meant by Low Threshold High Ceiling classroom son on lecture what advantages. Way he ( or she ) teaches variety of pedagogical approach the and. How pupils ' curiosity can be stimulated by digital environments higher-attaining children at primary Level using for! Your class ’ s best math year ever take place content knowledge as foci! These two approaches will be applied as a tool for formative assessment an example of how teaching. Take place and her approach to teaching will reflect this view in way...
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