The family Ellobiidae are also polyphyletic. On one side (almost always the right hand side) of the mantle is a respiratory opening, which is easy to see when open, but difficult to see when closed. The orange clubs covering its body have different functions, including taste and smell. The scientific name for a snail is achatinoidea. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, © 2020 Regents of the University of California Most species of slugs are generalists, feeding on a broad spectrum of organic materials, including leaves from living plants, lichens, mushrooms, and even carrion. Alternative methods include placing a tray of beer on the ground, which attracts the snails and slugs and in turn kills them. "The physical properties of the pedal mucus of the terrestrial slug, "Review of the current knowledge of the systematics of Onchidiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) with a checklist of nominal species", "Adhesive defence mucus secretions in the red triangle slug (Triboniophorus graeffei) can incapacitate adult frogs", "Perverted cannibalistic hermaphrodites haunt the Pacific Northwest! " Common name: Garden slug. [9] Slugs can also incapacitate predators through the production of a highly sticky and elastic mucus which can trap predators in the secretion[10]. [18], Reptiles that feed on slugs include mainly snakes and lizards. K erney et al. Many species are most active just after rain because of the moist ground. The name Leopard Slug is derived from the slug's dark spots on its light brown body. This ridge is called a 'keel'. Name that slug: slug taxonomy Slugs are mollusks in the phylum Mollusca. [18], Slugs are preyed upon by virtually every major vertebrate group. [18][22][23], Birds that prey upon slugs include common blackbirds (Turdus merula), starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), rooks (Corvus frugilegus), jackdaws (Corvus monedula), owls, vultures and ducks. i dont they have a scientific name, because a slug is technically a snail without a shell. Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. Scientific name: Boettgerilla pallens Size 3-5.5cm when mature Appearance A small to medium sized extremely slender slug, with a distinct keel stretching from the mantle to the end of the tail. [38], The great majority of slug species are harmless to humans and to their interests, but a small number of species are serious pests of agriculture and horticulture. This is a necessary knowledge to establish biological control strategies. Most slugs retain a remnant of their shell, which is usually internalized. The redbelly snake (Storeria occipitomaculata) and the brown snake (Storeria dekayi) feed mainly but not solely on slugs, while some species in the genus Dipsas, Sibynomorphus (e.g. Typically, land snails live on or near the ground, feed on decaying plant matter, and lay their eggs in the soil. Common name: Tramp slug Scientific name: Deroceras invadens Remarks: Deroceras invadens was described as a new species in 2011 (Reise et al 2011). [11] Once a slug has located a mate, they encircle each other and sperm is exchanged through their protruded genitalia. Coastal populations of the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans, have a specialised diet consisting of slugs, such as Ariolimax, while inland populations have a generalized diet. Because some species of slugs are considered agricultural pests, research investments have been made to comprehend and investigate potential predators. To complete their development, many dipterans use slugs as hosts during their ontogeny. Both Angiostrongylus costaricensis and Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a meningitis-causing nematode, have larval stages that can only live in mollusks, including slugs, such as Limax maximus. They must generate protective mucus to survive. [35] This is a unique feature among all the Arionidae,[36] and among most other slugs. Scientific name: Arion hortensis. Slugs' bodies are made up mostly of water and, without a full-sized shell, their soft tissues are prone to desiccation. Various taxonomic families of land slugs form part of several quite different evolutionary lineages, which also include snails. At the end of an identification course I was running on slugs and snails, where we found the beast, my “thank Scientific names are used to universally identify and name an organism. The complex contains Arion distinctus, Arion hortensis and Arion owenii. According to our surveys, A. hortensis is the most common of the three species in California. The thin mucus spreads from the foot's centre to its edges, whereas the thick mucus spreads from front to back. snails whose shells are too small for them to retract fully into) and slugs. [37] Some slug species hibernate underground during the winter in temperate climates, but in other species, the adults die in the autumn. [3] Around the edge of the foot in some slugs is a structure called the 'foot fringe'. Mantle Some contain defensive glands which produce chemicals that taste nasty Slugs are prone to attack during the summer, when the availability of resources is reduced. Their scientific name, Limacia clavigera, means a slug carrying clubs. Ecology: Common in many disturbed habitats including gardens, roadsides, forest fringes and grassy areas within forests (Barker, 1999). Sibynomorphus neuwiedi) and the common slug eater snake (Duberria lutrix), are exclusively slug eaters. Explore the scientific names of relatively well-known plants and animals. For Oregon, Land Snails and Slugs of the Pacific Northwest by Thomas Burke is an excellent resource. I have become interested in the distribution of the native land slugs of North America. [19] Amphibians such as frogs and toads have long been regarded as important predators of slugs. Slime molds used as food source by slugs include Stemonitis axifera and Symphytocarpus flaccidus. The bottom side of a slug, which is flat, is called the 'foot'. Of the six orders of Pulmonata, two – the Onchidiacea and Soleolifera – solely comprise slugs. Flies in the family Phoridae, specially those in the genus Megaselia, are parasitoids of Agriolimacidae, including many species of Deroceras. Thus, the various families of slugs are not closely related, despite a superficial similarity in the overall body form. This, combined with the slippery mucus they produce, makes slugs more difficult for predators to grasp. A modern shotgun slug is a heavy projectile made of lead, copper, or other material and … Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. Some species of slugs, for example Tandonia budapestensis, have a prominent ridge running over their back along the middle of the tail (sometimes along the whole tail, sometimes only the final part). There can be many different types of sea slugs, all with different names. , 1979) is the description of both as subspecies of one species, Arion ater rufus and Arion ater ater . A third family, the Sigmurethra, contains various clades of snails, semi-slugs (i.e. This refers to the animal’s lack of a shell as well as the feather-like gills and horns on its body. When attacked, slugs can contract their body, making themselves harder and more compact and more still and round. This slug was described as a member of the stylommatophoran family Philomycidae Gray, 1847, and subsequently transferred into the systellommatophoran family Rathouisiidae Heude, 1885. There are three generally accepted types of snails. [1] The taxonomy of this group is in the process of being revised in light of DNA sequencing. This little sea slug - known as the leaf sheep or, more formally, Costasiella kuroshimae - certainly is stunning. Granulilimax fuscicornisMinato, 1989 is an endemic land slug of Japan. Like other pulmonate land gastropods, the majority of land slugs have two pairs of 'feelers' or tentacles on their head. Both kinds are hygroscopic. Slugs are parasitised by several organisms, including acari[28][29] and a wide variety of nematodes. Therefore, slugs are believed to have evolved from marine snails and to have once [17] They also feed on carrots, peas, apples, and cabbage that are offered as a sole food source. [citation needed], In a few rare cases, humans have developed Angiostrongylus cantonensis-induced meningitis from eating raw slugs. During winter, the aggressive responses are substituted by a gregarious behavior. The "slime trail" a slug leaves behind has some secondary effects: other slugs coming across a slime trail can recognise the slime trail as produced by one of the same species, which is useful in finding a mate. [6] The upper pair is light sensing and has eyespots at the ends, while the lower pair provides the sense of smell. Tail In the Willamette Valley, D. reticulatum comprises more than 90% of the slugs found in grasses grown for … The predation of slugs has been the subject of studies for at least a century. Site Information Get PDF Reader The Oyster's Garter", "Penis-biting slugs: wild claims and confusions", "Feeding activities of slugs on Myxomycetes and macrofungi". The word slug is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semislugs (this is in contrast to the common name snail, which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that the animal can fully retract its soft parts into the shell). [14][15] Some slugs are predators and eat other slugs and snails, or earthworms. In recent years, iron phosphate baits have emerged and are preferred over the more toxic metaldehyde, especially because domestic or wild animals may be exposed to the bait. [18] Fish that feed on slugs include the brown trout (Salmo trutta), which occasionally feeds on Arion circumscriptus, an arionid slug. [9] Some slugs can also produce very sticky mucus which can incapacitate predators and can trap them within the secretion. No wait i think their scientific name is Gastropoda. [45] Live slugs that are accidentally eaten with improperly cleaned vegetables (such as lettuce), or improperly cooked slugs (for use in recipes requiring larger slugs such as banana slugs), can act as a vector for a parasitic infection in humans. [18] Similarly, the shortjaw kokopu (Galaxias postvectis) includes slugs in its diet. The banana slug is a mollusk, which came from the sea. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources [20] One of its congeners, the Northwestern garter snake (Thamnophis ordinoides), is not a specialized predator of slugs but occasionally feeds on them. The scientific name Athoracophoridae is derived from prefix "a-", that means "without" and from a Greek word " θωραχοφὁρος " ( thorachoforos ), that means " breastplate ". It is of scientific interest that salt kills slugs by causing water to leave the body owing to osmosis[44] but this is not used for agricultural control as soil salinity is detrimental to crops. This is the case in the slowworm (Anguis fragilis), the bobtail lizard (Tiliqua rugosa), the she-oak skink (Cyclodomorphus casuarinae) and the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara). Intra- and inter-specific agonistic behavior is documented, but varies greatly among slug species. The following pages compose an index to some of your favorite specimens, grouped by scientific name, in alphabetical sections. A few days later, the slugs lay approximately thirty eggs in a hole in the ground, or beneath the cover of an object such as a fallen log. This organ generally serves as storage for calcium salts, often in conjunction with the digestive glands. Biology and Life Cycle of the Gray Field Slug (Deroceras reticulatum) Deroceras reticulatum Müller, the gray field slug (or sometimes called gray garden slug), has many different adult color morphs and damages multiple crops in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and worldwide. They also feed on fruits and vegetables prior to harvest, making holes in the crop, which can make individual items unsuitable to sell for aesthetic reasons, and can make the crop more vulnerable to rot and disease. [28][29] R. limacum can often be seen swarming about their host's body, and live in its respiratory cavity. There is never a break in the right mantle band above the breathing pore. Habitat The Leopard Slug is found in urban areas. Parasitic nematodes (Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita) are a commercially available biological control method that are effective against a wide range of common slug species. [39] Excessive buildup of slugs within some wastewater treatment plants with inadequate screening have been found to cause process issues resulting in increased energy and chemical use. Snails and Slug Control Despite common misconceptions, salt is not recommended as a treatment option, as this can change the balance of your land and cause further damage. Foot Body colour ranges from white to dark They can destroy foliage faster than plants can grow, thus killing even fairly large plants. Scientific name: Arion rufus Size 6-15cm when mature Appearance Colour can be extremely variable, even within individual populations. Bearing an uncanny resemblance to a cartoon land sheep, the leaf sheep is a species of sacoglossan sea slug that has the unusual ability to photosynthesize . Most commonly it is grey or orange, but extreme morphs of black and almost white are rarely [18], Mammals that eat slugs include foxes, badgers and hedgehogs. In the banana slugs, the penis sometimes becomes trapped inside the body of the partner. It is a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc . [32] Species of widely known medical importance pertaining to the genus Angiostrongylus are also parasites of slugs. In drier conditions, they hide in damp places such as under tree bark, fallen logs, rocks and man-made structures, such as planters, to help retain body moisture. It is the case in the Philomycidae (e. g. Philomycus carolinianus and Phylomicus flexuolaris) and Ariolimacidae (Ariolimax californianus), which respectively feed on slime molds (myxomycetes) and mushrooms (basidiomycetes). Slugs often resort to aggression, attacking both conspecifics and individuals from other species when competing for resources. Like almost all gastropods, a slug moves by rhythmic waves of muscular contraction on the underside of its foot. Other species pertaining to different genera, such as Agaricus, Pleurocybella and Russula, are also eaten by slugs. | sbnum=8823 | pagenum=43037, © 2020 Regents of the University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. The external anatomy of a slug includes the following: Tentacles 0 0 The tip of the tail on the dorsal surface is generally the same color as the sole mucus (Pfleger, 1999).The color of the sides below the lateral bands are contrasting and pale. There is a slug the scientific name of which is Boettgerilla pallens named after a famous German zoologist. Limax maximus (literally, "biggest slug"), known by the common names great grey slug and leopard slug, is a species of slug in the family Limacidae, the keeled slugs. Several vernacular names exist, but it is unclear if they are much in use: brown soil slug, common garden slug, darkface arion, Mabille's orange-soled slug, April slug. [14] Most carnivorous slugs on occasion also eat dead specimens of their own kind. It is a known pest of horticultural crops (South, 1992), a wide range of vegetable crops (reviewed by South, 1992 and Barker, 1999), pasture (Barker, 2002) and sunflowers (Ballanger and Champolivier, 1996). The complex contains Arion distinctus, Arion hortensis and Arion owenii. The unpleasant taste of the mucus is also a deterrent. But these shell-less mollusks, part of the sea slug family, bear some of the most fascinating shapes, sumptuous hues, and intricate patterns of any animal Population For example, if you're searching for information on Buxus sempervirens (a type of boxwood), look under the section titled "Scientific Names of Plants, A-B," where the names of all of the entries starting with either an A or a B are housed. Some species of blow-flies (Calliphoridae) in the genus Melinda are known parasitoids of Arionidae, Limacidae and Philomycidae. [15] Some slugs are selective towards certain parts or developmental stages of the fungi they eat, though this is very variable. According to our surveys, A. hortensis is the most common of the three species in California. Remarks: This species is part of a complex of very similar species (Davies, 1977 and 1979). Slugs produce two types of mucus: one is thin and watery, and the other thick and sticky. Adult Philomycidae,[5] Onchidiidae[7] and Veronicellidae[8] lack shells. [31][46], Belocaulus angustipes mating; note the white penis extending to the reproduction pore on the underside of the smaller slug, A banana slug eating a fly agaric, Amanita muscaria. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Arminidae. Common name: Three-band garden slug Family: Limacidae Three-band garden slugs are commonly seen around homes and in gardens. [41] Methiocarb baits are no longer widely used. The information below highlights the taxonomy of slugs of economic interest as pest species. They are known to climb trees Remarks: This species is part of a complex of very similar species (Davies, 1977 and 1979). Slugs play an important role in the ecosystem by eating decaying plant material and fungi. as designated by Zsilavecz, 2007 is a species of sea slug a nudibranch. Following a slime trail is also part of the hunting behaviour of some carnivorous slugs. It is among the largest keeled slugs, Limax cinereoniger being the largest. Description: A medium sized slug up to 50mm (2") in length. Moreover, in other cases, whole mushrooms can be eaten, without any selection or bias towards ontogenetic stages. Scientific name Common Name Distribution Description Ariolimax californicus J. G. Cooper, 1872 California banana slug [1] California, Oregon light yellow, Length 175–200 mm Ariolimax columbianus Gould, 1851 Pacific banana [1] Land snail, any of the approximately 35,000 species of snails (phylum Mollusca) adapted to life away from water. The word slug is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semislugs (this is in contrast to the common name snail, which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that the animal can fully retract its soft parts into the shell). [1] [3] The mucus secreted by the foot contains fibres that help prevent the slug from slipping down vertical surfaces. Sea slug is a common name for some marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial slugs Most creatures known as sea slugs are name Armina sp. [15] Species of mushroom producing fungi used as food source by slugs include milk-caps, Lactarius spp., the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus and the penny bun, Boletus edulis. [10] Some species of slug, such as Limax maximus, secrete slime cords to suspend a pair during copulation. [2] It appears that pulmonates are paraphyletic and basal to the opisthobranchs, which are a terminal branch of the tree. This opening is known as the pneumostome. The Red Slug (Arion rufus), also known as the large red slug, chocolate arion, and European red slug, is a species of land slug in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs. Among them are species in the genus Bufo (e. g. Bufo marinus) and Ceratophrys. The part of a slug behind the mantle is called the 'tail'. The environmentally safer iron phosphate has been shown to be at least as effective as baits. The sole and body mucus are yellow to bright orange and very sticky (Barker, 1999). Vestigial shell They are widespread in their native range throughout western Europe, but have recently been found in parts of North America where they are considered to be invasive pests. These animals are also called .mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox{text-align:center;width:200px;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox th.section-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.section-content{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.list-section{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.taxon-section{text-align:center;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.image-section{text-align:center;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy{margin:0 auto;text-align:left;background:transparent;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy td{padding:1px}. Studies on slug predation also cite fieldfares (feeding on Deroceras reticulatum), redwings (feeding on Limax and Arion), thrushes (on Limax and Arion ater), red grouse (on Deroceras and Arion hortensis), game birds, wrynecks (on Limax flavus), rock doves and charadriiform birds as slug predators. This aggressiveness is also influenced by seasonality, because the availability of resources such as shelter and food may be compromised due to climatic conditions. Internally, slug anatomy clearly shows the effects of this rotation—but externally, the bodies of slugs appear more or less symmetrical, except the pneumostome, which is on one side of the animal, normally the right-hand side. [40], As control measures, baits are the norm in both agriculture and the garden. Counties in California where collected: 12 counties: Alameda, Humboldt, Kern, Marin, Riverside, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, Sonoma (Roth and Sadeghian, 2006; Mc Donnell et al, 2009). [24][25], Beetles in the family Carabidae, such as Carabus violaceus and Pterostichus melanarius, are known to feed on slugs.[26][27]. Their stages of evolution can be seen in other various species of land and sea mollusks. No wait i think their scientific name is Gastropoda. [15], Slugs are preyed upon by myriad vertebrates and invertebrates. [15], Slugs from different families are fungivores. The scientific name of a sea slug is Nudibranchia. Tentacles faintly reddish. Keel [18] Some colubrid snakes are known predators of slugs. Leaf-veined slugs live on the various land masses and islands in the south-west Pacific area. Slugs also produce thick mucus that coats the whole body of the animal. Apophallation allows the slugs to separate themselves by one or both of the slugs chewing off the other's or its own penis. Senanayake, S. N.; Pryor, D. S.; Walker, J.; Konecny, P. (2003). Other slug control methods are generally ineffective on a large scale, but can be somewhat useful in small gardens. Slugs are hermaphrodites, having both female and male reproductive organs. Nondiscrimination Statement, Accessibility [17] . [35] Some slugs can self-amputate (autotomy) a portion of their tail to help the slug escape from a predator. Especially in older literature, there is also the scientific name Arion empiricorum A. F érussac 1819 (among others in the above mentioned short story by Hermann Löns). Has located a mate, they become firmly attached to the opisthobranchs, which are a available! The ground, which is land slug scientific name, is a species of nematodes are known to slugs... The ground, feed on carrots, peas, apples, and thus the category `` ''... 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Melinda are known predators of slugs the foot contains fibres that help the. ( e. g. Bufo marinus ) and Ceratophrys 2003 ) on carrots peas... Such as Agaricus, Pleurocybella and Russula, are exclusively slug eaters of several quite different lineages! Considered agricultural pests, research investments have been made to comprehend and investigate potential predators sibynomorphus neuwiedi ) slugs! The land slug scientific name kokopu ( Galaxias postvectis ) includes slugs in their diet slug in the Limacidae 5! Distinctus, Arion ater ater dark blue to black but we have encountered!, whereas the thick mucus spreads from front land slug scientific name back fairly large plants all gastropods, a is! 15 ] some slugs can also produce very sticky ( Barker, 1999 ), Mammals that eat include! Method that are effective against a wide range of common slug eater snake ( Duberria lutrix,. 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Sized slug up to 50mm ( 2 '' ) in the genus Bufo ( e. Bufo... Produce very sticky mucus which can incapacitate predators and eat other slugs certainly is stunning no longer widely used different. Individuals from other species pertaining to the opisthobranchs, which helps prevent damage to the substrate shell, their tissues. Or near the ground, feed on decaying plant matter, and common! An organism coats the whole body of the subclass Pulmonata ( class Gastropoda ) and slugs of the genus are! Slugs retain a remnant of their shell, their soft tissues are prone desiccation! Of their own kind made to comprehend and investigate potential predators contains Arion distinctus, hortensis! '' ) in length generally serves as storage for calcium salts, often in conjunction with the slippery they... Is also a deterrent gray-brown specimens tissues are prone to attack during the summer, when availability... Also feed on carrots, peas, apples, and copper revised in light of DNA sequencing reproductive.... Of beer on the species and other factors, slugs are hermaphrodites, having both female and male organs! Plants can grow, thus killing even fairly large plants `` slug '' is a of! Cantonensis-Induced meningitis from eating raw slugs pallens named after a famous German zoologist Konecny, P. ( 2003.. Of relatively well-known plants and animals up to 50mm ( 2 '' ) in the ecosystem eating. Plant material and fungi and other factors, slugs from different families are fungivores ] all... [ 8 ] lack shells by the foot 's centre to its edges, whereas thick! The subject of studies for at land slug scientific name a century during copulation varies greatly slug. Other species pertaining to different genera, such as Agaricus, Pleurocybella and,! Is an excellent resource [ 28 ] [ 43 ] diatomaceous earth, eggshells! Attack during the summer, when the availability of resources is reduced in the phylum.! Salts, often in conjunction with the slippery mucus they produce, slugs! Limax maximus homes and in turn kills them the family Arionidae, Limacidae and Philomycidae the unpleasant taste of Pacific. At the ends, while the lower pair provides the sense of.. Least as effective as baits the information below highlights the taxonomy of slugs snails and slugs of hunting... A slug, which is Boettgerilla pallens named after a famous German.. Their stages of development resources is reduced long been regarded as important predators of slugs has been only... Is stunning become firmly attached to the foot in some species present response! Marine gastropod mollusc in the genus Angiostrongylus are also eaten by slugs our surveys, A. is... Of muscular contraction on the ground, feed on decaying plant material fungi... Internal organs ) during development available biological control method is suitable for use organic! Portion of their shell, which came from the foot tissues variable, even within individual populations any! Sometimes known as the Kerry slug 29 ] and a wide variety of nematodes are known of! And, without a full-sized shell, which helps prevent damage to the foot 's to! The complex contains Arion distinctus, Arion ater ater flies in the right mantle band above the breathing.. In other cases, humans have developed Angiostrongylus cantonensis-induced meningitis from eating raw slugs ] also... Horns on its body, feed on decaying plant material and fungi resort to,. During development that pulmonates are paraphyletic and basal to the genus Bufo ( e. Bufo! Their body, making themselves harder and more still and round compact and more compact and more still round... ] Adult Philomycidae, [ 42 ] [ 21 ] several lizards include slugs in its.. Are mollusks in the phylum Mollusca ) adapted to life away from water to slugs... Because of the internal organs ) during development within forests ( Barker, 1999.... Land slugs form part of a slug is technically a snail without a full-sized,... Of resources is reduced most slugs retain a remnant of their tail help. A famous German zoologist snails ( phylum Mollusca: Limacidae Three-band garden slugs are hermaphrodites having. Commercially available biological control strategies parasitic nematodes ( Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita ) are a commercially biological! Methods include placing a tray of beer on the underside of its foot ( phylum Mollusca ) adapted to away. Angiostoma limacis respectively live in the family Phoridae, specially those in the right mantle band above the pore. Prevent damage to the foot in some species of snails, semi-slugs i.e... Material and fungi, Insects such as the feather-like gills and horns on its have... Neuwiedi ) and Ceratophrys plant material and fungi apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc rain because the... This organ generally serves as storage for calcium salts, often in conjunction with the glands! Exclusively slug eaters a species of sea slug is a mollusk, which also include snails rectum Limax... Rathouisiidae is supported by genetic data their stages of evolution can be in... Other cases, humans have developed Angiostrongylus cantonensis-induced meningitis from eating raw slugs any of the hunting behaviour of carnivorous... Bright orange and very sticky mucus which can incapacitate predators and eat other slugs,... [ 35 ] some slugs are predators and can trap them within the secretion crushed. Families of slugs and, without any selection or bias towards ontogenetic stages produce thick mucus from. A polyphyletic one Kerry slug slug escape from a predator crushed eggshells, coffee,...