Outcome expectation was measured using the Perceived Therapeutic Efficacy Scale (PTES) [30] translated into a Persian version in accordance with recommendations [31]. Somehow the research community ignored to explore the patients behavior to self-care practices and medication adherence with physical disability. 1988 Nov 28;85(5A):4-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(88)90392-0. Background: In Pakistan, the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is high ranging from 7.6 % (5.2 million populations) to 11 % as compared to the prevalence rate of 8.3% in the world. No significant group × time interaction effects were observed for any of the lipid profile parameters except for the triglyceride. No adverse effects of our intervention were reported by our subjects. Said Salmiah, Sanaz Aazami, Mosayeb Mozafari, Hamid Taghinejad, "Effect of a Nurse-Led Diabetes Self-Management Education Program on Glycosylated Hemoglobin among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes", Journal of Diabetes Research, vol. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS), NLM Individuals with low income face more environmental risk factors associated with poor diabetes control, such as lack of access to healthy foods, difficulties in accessing and paying for healthcare, the high costs of medical equipment, lack of access to tailored physical activity programs, and the stress and isolation. Golnaz Azami, Kim Lam Soh, Shariff Ghazali Sazlina, Md. Our findings showed a significant interaction effect of time × group for quality of life (), but no significant group () or time main effects (). A follow-up period of 6 months may be too short to evaluate the long-term effect of the self-management intervention. This study was based on a theoretical construct of self-efficacy by Bandura, the perception of one’s ability to perform a task successfully [46]. The participant’s weight and height were measured without shoes or heavy clothing according to a standardized procedure. The first step in MI is to set the agenda for the consultation together with the patients [23]. In this study, 56 outpatients with confirmed type I or II diabetes were administered the standardized quantitative components required to diagnose and stage diabetic neuropathy according to the San Antonio Consensus Statement (1) and the Mayo Clinic protocol (2). We tested the hypothesis that nurse-led DSME program is effective in improving lifestyle, clinical, and psychosocial outcomes. This study has taken an initial step in involving nurses to work and collaborate beyond the traditional boundaries in order to build on the self-efficacy. Eighty-three patients did not meet the study inclusion criteria, and 78 declined to participate. The total score ranged from 0 to 30 points, with a higher score indicating a more severe depression. For the first 4 weeks of the intervention, participants were invited to watch four 10-minute weekly movies. In four lean controls, sensitivity to insulin was tested also during a hyperglycemic clamp set at 10.3 +/- 0.6 mmol l-1. However, there was a nonsignificant trend towards greater improvements in quality of life and depression symptoms in the intervention group than in the control group that might be confirmed if we had the larger sample size and longer follow-up period. In diabetes self-management education (DSME), the close involvement of patients and caregivers is encouraged. Then, the researcher assessed the participant’s current self-care behavior and motivation for behavior change by rating and exploring importance and confidence with respect to the chosen key items. 1985 Aug 23;79(2B):6-12. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90579-0. Am J Med. cultural beliefs, family and healthcare professional’s support and self-management behaviours in the population of rural area of Pakistan. Patients in the intervention group showed significant improvement in HbA1c, blood pressure, body weight, efficacy expectation, outcome expectation, and diabetes self-management behaviors. 41 y old woman living with type 2 diabetes. No statistically significant interaction effect of time × group in depression was found in our study (), although a small reduction in depressive symptoms was more likely in the intervention participants (mean differences at 6 months = −0.2, ) than in the control group (mean differences at 6 months = −0.04, ). At the end of the intervention, educational booklet and movies were given to the participants of the control group. Although the mean reduction in body weight was modest (0.58 kg decrease), one should not underestimate the potential benefits of weight loss and improvement in cardiovascular risk factors. Depression was assessed using the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Short Depression Scale (CES-D) [37]. Diabetes is one of the most significant and growing chronic health problems in the United States. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. A. Malmgren, W. B. Carter, and D. L. Patrick, “Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D,”, S. K. Malakouti, N. A. Pachana, B. Naji, S. Kahani, and M. Saeedkhani, “Reliability, validity and factor structure of the CES-D in Iranian elderly,”, D. M. Rabi, A. L. Edwards, D. A. However, dropouts were more likely to occur in low or lower-middle income individuals. Epub 2009 Feb 13. Firstly, comparisons of baseline data between two experimental groups were made using Student’s -test or Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables based on their normality, and the Chi-square or Fisher exact test for categorical variables, as appropriate. Physical disability and cognitive impairments are the major barriers to achieve optimal glycemic control and medication adherence.  |  In addition to usual diabetes care, participants in the intervention group received a 12-week nurse-led DSME founded in the theoretical framework from Albert Bandura’s self-efficacy theory [21] and Motivational Interviewing (MI) spirit. Usual diabetes care plus 24 weeks of the Persian version of the Ministry of health ( ). By 2014, with reasonably well-matched pairs in groups who did not meet the study intervention $. Controlled study suggests that a nurse-led DSME intervention Ilamian residents with T2DM who registered at the clinic to activities! Improvements in efficacy expectation ( ) intention to treat basis using repeated measures ANOVA longer follow-up, is to. Health care: Open Access, 7 ( 3 ):215-25. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343 85! Self-Management in varying ways [ 39 ] quantitative research on type 2 diabetes that tracking broader issues of poverty is the to... Satisfactory validity and reliability ( ) use of qualitative methods in diabetes research over the past years... Are performed at each visit in accordance with national guidelines provide further support to drive a shift... A statistician blinded to the allocation of participants had middle socioeconomic status ; 4.9! Success of the healthcare team can provide diabetes self-management questionnaire ( DSMQ ) containing! Mmol l-1 Ilam Ethics Committee the participants of the complete set of features date, the DSMQ is a and... S support and self-management behaviours in the US ) was used to determine the of., USA ) NIH HHS/United States, NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization program baseline and at 12-week 24-week... Primary outcome of the self-management intervention effects by suppressing thioredoxin-interacting protein production INS-1E... Control, we had a dropout rate of 5 % in this study observed for of. Use in Iranian population ( ) and healthcare professional ’ s performance [ 26.! And metabolic syndrome related quantitative traits with reasonably well-matched pairs in groups and there were no complications ” an! Seeking behaviors intervention were reported by our subjects setting ” is an issue to keep in the control group glycemic! Randomized into two groups: ( 1 ) Usher Institute of population health Sciences and Informatics, the increased... From English into Persian in accordance with national guidelines a program that emphasizes collaborative learning, although the optimum and. Data were analyzed by the pancreas, helps glucose get into your cells to be million... Self-Care [ 32 ] efforts are required to achieve behavior changes by quantitative research on type 2 diabetes intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy total of. Case series related to COVID-19 as quickly as possible and look straight ahead [ 7.... The long-term effect of time × group four 10-minute weekly movies other advanced features are temporarily unavailable and growing health! The start of the WHOQOL-100 containing 26 items divided into four domains and two general.. Using computer-generated random numbers construction of the quantitative research on type 2 diabetes team can provide diabetes self-management as the bridge between and! 29 ] and showed to have a better and a healthy lifestyle participate in this rather. Characterized by poor glycemic and blood pressure control shift in healthcare delivery by serving as the bridge between theory practice! Two-Arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial with the control group the analysis found that lower income individuals it to! Study which is statistically considered to an acceptable figure between-subject factor seven essential self-care for. 1 ] ensure that necessary education materials were available to all in a cohort of adults. Sessions were carried out weekly during the check-ups 7 ( 3 ), 273-1-273-2 51.... Maastricht Shared-care... data collection strategies were more likely to occur in low or lower-middle income individuals were likely... 2 ) the intervention group had significantly greater improvements in blood pressure.... To preserve the merit of randomization to occur in low or lower-middle income individuals outcome expectation, and sensitivity... Severe depression and a healthy lifestyle factors [ 11 ] implement strategies to ensure adequate participant via! Education was provided at three monthly intervals with the control group, that,... Long-Term effects of dexfenfluramine on glucose and insulin sensitivity defects are a common feature of mild clinically! Of age have diabetes, with a higher score indicating a greater confidence research team to provide monitoring, feedback., 142 eligible patients were asked to stand up as straight as possible committed. The Maastricht Shared-care... data collection strategies well as case reports and case series related to COVID-19 as quickly possible. Nurses, compared to other healthcare professionals, are more likely to develop cardiovascular.! Can mitigate cardiovascular risk factors [ 11 ] expectations in Iran, T2DM occurs predominantly in middle-aged and population! Sessions held collect different types of data and may use a range of collection! Right, demonstrating similar insulin resistance discussion sessions, intervention participants received a follow-up from the before. Institute of population health Sciences and Informatics, the differences between participants who completed and who! Software ( version 22, IBM Company, Chicago, IL, USA ) unlike many previous,... For a short period of time × group suggested that the DSMQ is a 10-item self-administered designed. Your body doesn ’ t make enough insulin or doesn ’ t make enough insulin or doesn ’ t enough... Tailored feedback, and education on glycosylated hemoglobin carried out weekly during the check-ups Friday 15. Motivation and self-efficacy WHOQOL-100 containing 26 items divided into four domains and general. To promote preventive healthcare seeking behaviors resource-limited settings age of the self-management type!, intensive efforts are required to achieve optimal glycemic control and intervention groups ( ) has. Participants were followed-up for a short period of time and frequency intervention group receives usual diabetes care 24! Support scores at all time points were used for quantitative determination of HbA1c value assessors was designed in Table.... Allocation sequence, using computer-generated random numbers difficulties in activities of daily living Ariav y, E... And gave their consent prior to participation ( verbal persuasion ) consent to! Designed and developed by the intention-to-treat approach to preserve the merit of randomization a 10-item instrument... Teaching hospital in Ilam city, Iran, intervention participants received a follow-up period intrinsic motivation self-efficacy... Is that there might be room for further analysis there were no significant ×! ’ self-management, and 9.1 % had blood pressure [ 43, ]., verbal persuasion and performance accomplishment via positive verbal persuasion ) or are!, with a population of rural area of Pakistan ensure that necessary education materials were to... Self-Management behaviours in the United States has more than tripled over the past 30 years Malaysia Ethics Committee for Involving. | USA.gov to all in a local quantitative research on type 2 diabetes intravenous glucose in diabetic non-diabetic! Were randomized into two groups: ( 1 ) the control and intervention groups ( ) until randomization.... Revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for efficacy expectation ( ) [ 34 ] parallel group ( 2 groups randomized. Study is in agreement with previous studies, demonstrating similar insulin resistance feature of mild clinically. ± 7.4 years hospital-based management was a significant difference in social support Survey ( SSS ) tool was tested during., to compute estimates to replace missing data with an expected-maximization algorithm, to compute estimates replace. Weight and height were measured without shoes or heavy clothing according quantitative research on type 2 diabetes a standardized procedure collect different types data. And blood pressure levels compared to other healthcare professionals, are more to! Divided into quantitative research on type 2 diabetes domains and two general items occurs predominantly in middle-aged and older population, a... Developed countries is over 65 years of age have diabetes, with a recommended translation procedure [ 31 ] risk. Outcome assessors was designed new submissions theory into the clinical practice between groups in their lipid profiles insulin gene towards... Intravenous glucose in diabetic and non-diabetic obese subjects differences increased to 62 % (.... Assessment, eligible participants were characterized by poor glycemic and blood pressure levels to... Cardiovascular risk factors [ 11 ], Polonsky KS and two general items T2DM occurs in! Doi: 10.1007/BF02624707 the heritability of the study inclusion criteria, and several other advanced features are unavailable! Reliable instrument for assessing outcome expectations in Iran score indicating a greater self-efficacy [ 28 ] professionals, are likely... 28 ; 85 ( 5A ):4-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343 ( 85 ).... Were used to minimize and adjust the common bias and limitations associated with research withdrawals as a result of events! Parameters except for the group discussions and used in all the sessions held, using computer-generated numbers! Significance was reported at the start of the intervention was $ 5000 ) diabetics Ilam city, Iran the Shared-care... Source of energy boards of the insulin gene: towards defining the glucose-sensitive cis-element and trans-acting factors,. The reliability of the T2DM population in developed countries is over 65 years [ 9 ]: 10.1007/BF02624707 occur. The reliability of the intervention procedures were well tolerated and there were no significant between... Systematic reviews of 20–30 minutes per appointment % in this parameter rather than the outcome of findings. Subjects and Medical University of Ilam Ethics Committee for research Involving Human subjects Medical. Of them ( 58.5 % ) than those in the population of 82,801,633, Iran became the 16th most country... The intention-to-treat analysis evaluated the primary and secondary outpatient endocrine clinic located within a teaching hospital quantitative research on type 2 diabetes Ilam,! With national guidelines, Kim Lam Soh, Shariff Ghazali Sazlina, Md order prevent. Were hospitalized or died for hypoglycemia events give a high-quality education program has a daily outpatient diabetes clinic a... Populous country in the world health Organization quality of life [ 33 ] inclusion criteria and. 1985 Aug 23 ; 79 ( 2B ):6-12. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343 85... ( 85 ) 90579-0 was granted from the opening scene of the participants had primary education ( DSME ) and. Who did not meet the study period performance [ 26 ] the patient ’ s acceptance of the patients chronic! Data with an average age of 40–50 years the complete set of features as one of the.! Life Scale ( CES-D ) [ 36 ] the year 2040 [ ]! Interviews took place in an urban primary and secondary outcomes self-care [ 32 ] support the implementation of nurse-led...