Acacia mearnsii. PROTA4U web database., [ed. Diseases of multipurpose woody legumes in the tropics: a review. ACIAR Proceedings, No. It has been listed as a category 2 invader in South Africa, a noxious environmental weed in the Global Compendium of Weeds, and a noxious weed in USA (Randall, 2012). Acacia mearnsii provenance trials in southern China. Luyt I E, Mullin L J, Gwaze D P, 1987. Front. 16, 57-63, Boland DJ, 1997. Extractives yields and polyflavanoid contents of Acacia mearnsii barks in Australia. Biocontrol agents against alien invasive plants in fynbos. Flowering takes place from October to December in Australia (Searle, 1997), during September to October in Brazil (Stein and Tonietto, 1997) and from late August to early October in South Africa (Sherry, 1971). in China. Comments: Black Wattle has been introduced to many different parts of the world beside its native Australia. How much water do alien invasive plants use in South Africa? mollis (Wendl.) Environ. Invasive alien plant species (IAP) April 2017 A great deal of South Africa's water is used by plants that do not belong here. A. mearnsii is widely cultivated as an exotic species in a number of countries throughout the world. Conflicts of interest in environmental management: estimating the costs and benefits of a tree invasion. In: Santalum freycinetianum var. Volume 2. In: ACIAR Proceedings, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 123-125. http://www.prota4u.info, Raymond CA, 1987. Treatments to promote seed germination in Australian acacias. The following data are from Doran and Turnbull (1997) refers to the native range, with mean maximum temperature of the hottest month mainly 21-27°C, minimum temperature of the coolest month -3-7°C. mearnsii shows variation in growth rate, adaptation to drought and low temperatures, and in wood and bark characteristics. Tabberabbera, Victoria, Australia. ACIAR Proceedings No. Image 5409403 is of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii ) twig(s)/shoot(s). In: Brown AG, Ho CK, eds. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research Reports, 10:13-29; 5 pp. 130, 10-18; 13 ref, Schönau APG, 1983. Climatic and altitudinal criteria for commercial afforestation with special reference to Natal. Invasive plants (Invasive species potentially threatening livelihoods and the environment around the world): Species Invasive plants 997 927,072 Themes Kessy B S, 1987. http://www.issg.org/database. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. Growing and managing Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) in Kenya. Black Wattle and its Utilisation. In Hawaii it was introduced in 1911 from California (Motooka et al., 2003). Human settlement in South Africa and archaelogical evidence for alien plants and animals. Australian acacias for pulpwood. Diseases of acacias: an overview. 52-56. August 2005. Black Wattle and its Utilisation. Australian trees and shrubs: species for land rehabilitation and farm planting in the tropics. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. > 10°C, Cold average temp. Liu Min, Yang MingYu, Song Ding, Zhang ZhiMing, Ou XiaoKun, 2016. Canberra, Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, 18-27, Roux J, Kemp GHJ, Wingfield MJ, 1995. Grubben GJH, Denton OA, eds. At Kunming Changshui Airport, mechanical control is recommended (Liu et al., 2016).Chemical control Other uses of wattle extract. Udorn Thani, Thailand: Bangkok: Winrock International and FAO, 225-239, Lemmens RHMJ, Soerianegara I, Wong WC, eds. All parts finely hairy. Black wattle problem emerges in Indian forests. In: Brown AG, Ho CK, eds. Acacia mearnsii De Wild. Acacia mearnsii De Wild. 53-62. http://neobiota.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=7230. mearnsii exists has diploid and tetraploid forms, the latter also having significantly higher levels of chlorophyll (Mathura et al., 2006); however, it appears that the tetraploid forms may not occur naturally, those studies having been produced artificially (Beck et al., 2003). Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. No. Invasive Species Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Eastern Africa. High altitude New South Wales provenances (Bungendore, Bombala-Dalgety and Cooma) and two low elevation provenances, Apsley (Tasmania) and Minhamite (Victoria) were the most tolerant. Plantation practices in Zimbabwe, Kenya and Tanzania. Black wattle silviculture in Brazil. A. mearnsii is a highly invasive species, and listed as one of the World’s 100 Worst Invaders (ISSG, 2007). Canberra: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, 65-77, Boland DJ, Brooker MIH, Chippendale GM, Hall N, Hyland BPM, Johnston RD, Kleinig DA, Turner JD, 1984. Uses of wattle extract: Tannin based adhesives. Manoa, Hawaii, USA: College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Moyo HPM, Fatunbi AO, 2010. In: International Legume Database and Information Service, Reading, UK: School of Plant Sciences, Unversity of Reading. A guide to species selection for tropical and sub-tropical plantations. Canberra: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, 151-156, Motooka P, Castro L, Nelson D, Nagai G, Ching L, 2003. ACIAR Project 8458 Report. In a study of a population in New South Wales, Australia, Grant et al. Patterns of morphological variation in seedlings of A. mearnsii were studied by Bleakley and Matheson (1992). BLACK WATTLE (ACACIA MEARNSII) Hawaii Pacific Weed Risk Assessment: 15 High Risk Regulatory Status: Hawaii Noxious Weed List Prevention and Control Category: N/A Description Fast growing tree. Hobart: Forestry Commission, Tasmania, Fang GuiGan, Balodis V, Wang JingXia, Clark NB, 1991. Ulupalakua, Maui, Hawaii, USA. Information cited in PIER (2007) notes that A. mearnsii can invade and disrupt pasture land thus reducing carrying capacity and profitability of livestock ranching, and as with other invasive species, control incurs an economic cost. ], 77(1):19-30. http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tsfs20, Chandra SK, 2012. Black Wattle and its Utilisation. Acacia decurrens var. In: American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3 177-184. Forestry Compendium. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 31(2):235-240. http://bbr.nefu.edu.cn, Berenschot L M, Filius B M, Hardjosoediro S, 1988. In: Turnbull JW, ed. and silver wattle (Acacia dealbata). It is only in recent years that systematic range-wide seed collections from the natural distribution area have been made to exploit provenance variation for such commercial characteristics as volume and tannin yield. Genetics by Brown AG, Ho CK]. 37886). by Witt A, Luke Q]. 655 pp. Waki K, 1984. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. Tannin formaldehyde adhesive for exterior-grade plywood and particleboard manufacture. Some florets, usually near the base of the flower head, may be wholly male and trees bearing only male flowers have been observed (Sherry, 1971). Can invasion patches of Acacia mearnsii serve as colonizing sites for native plant species on Réunion (Mascarene archipelago)? This species is described and illustrated in many publications, among the most recent texts being Wiersum (1991), Tame (1992), Doran and Turnbull (1997) and Brown and Ho (1997). Proceedings of an International Workshop, Gympie, Qld., Australia, 4-7 August 1986. Australian Tree Species Research in China. 63:24-29, Yazaki Y, Collins PJ, 1997. xix + 402 + 24 plates. Dye and Tannin-producing plants. In Australia the wood was once sought after to fire baker’s ovens and is still a preferred wood for ceramic kilns (, Santalum haleakalae var. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of Weeds of the U.S. In tropical countries, this species is attacked by various insects including herbivores (Acanthopsyche junode), stem-borers (Platypus solidus) and caterpillars (Achaea lienardi). They are called invasive alien plants. Feng et al. In: Brown A, ed. Different mitigation scenarios were ranked according to their cost-benefit ratio. Invasive Acacia mearnsii De Wilde in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China: a new biogeographic distribution that threatens airport safety. More recently a cecidomyiid midge, Dasineura rubiformis, which forms galls in the flowers and prevents pod development was released (Impson et al., 2008). In: Brown AG, Ho CK, eds. Acacia mearnsii (black wattle); sapling. ACIAR Proceedings, No. The Global Invasive Species Database contains invasive species information supplied by experts on biological invasion from around the world. of ref.]. In: Macdonald IAW, Kruger FJ, Ferrar AA (eds. The scientific name for the Black Wattle is Acacia mearnsii (Fabaceae) and … by Witt, A., Luke, Q.]. At the highest altitudes it occurs in the cool sub-humid and humid zones. The growth and the nutrient status of Acacia species in Japan. Acacia mearnsii (black wattle); dense stand of young trees. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, PROTA, 2015. Australian Acacias in Developing Countries. http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/eafrinet/weeds/key/weeds/Media/Html/index.htm, Bleakley S, Matheson C, 1992. Florianópolis - SC, Brazil: I3N Brasil, Instituto Hórus de Desenvolvimento e Conservação Ambiental. Willd. Chan JM, Day P, Feely J, Thompson R, Little KM, Norris CH, 2015. ; 77 ref, Booth TH, 1992. But this fast-growing plant is a boon to gardeners, improving soil and sheltering other plants. Studia Entomologica, 20(1/4):177-220, Waki K, 1984. of ref, Li JiYuan, Gao ChuanBi, Zheng FangJi, Ren HuaDong, 1994. Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford University Press, 109-117, Herbert MA, 1984. ], Lee SS, 1993. It yields bark extractives high in quality tannin, paper pulp, cellulose for rayon, charcoal, and fuelwood. Open-grown specimens are freely-branched from near ground level with a crooked main stem. The invasiveness of this species is partly due to its ability to produce large amounts of long-lived seeds (which may be triggered to germinate en masse following bush fires) and the development of a large crown (which shades other vegetation). The average number of days over 32°C is 1-15 and this species is rarely found in areas where the temperature exceeds 38°C. Plants introduced from other countries that ENDANGERour biodiversity are referred to as invasive alien species (IAS).These are some IASIAS now in Jamaica. (2010) used A.mearnsii as a case study for a risk assessment in Wenzhou, China. The status of invasive alien forest trees species in Southern Africa. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin [Proceedings of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group "Integrated Protection in Oak Forests", Avignon, France, 7-11 October 2013. Canberra, Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, 89-93, Hillis WE, 1997b. The impact of black wattle encroachment of indigenous grasslands on soil carbon, Eastern Cape, South Africa. In: Brown AG, Ho CK, eds. European Invasive Alien Species Gateway. There are several papers providing climatic profiles for the species combining information from both natural and planted occurrences; the most recent of these being Booth and Yan (1991), Booth (1992; 1997) and Yan et al. In northeastern Algeria, invasion by A. mearnsii is threatening cork oak (Quercus suber) forests (Boudiaf et al., 2014). Canberra: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, CABI, 2005. http://www.issg.org/database, Jøker D, 2000. (2016) examine park-community conflicts in South Africa arising from initiatives to limit community access to park resources due to the need to prevent invasion of the park by A. mearnsii. Red de Informacion sobre especies invasoras ([English title not available]). It is by Forest and Kim Starr at Starr Environmental. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. General Impacts. Factors determining the occurrence of the agroforestry system with Acacia mearnsii in central Java. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, Pieterse PJ, Boucher C, 1997. Global Journal of Environmental Research, 4(1):6-17. http://idosi.org/gjer/gjer4(1)10/2.pdf, Mukwada G, Chingombe W, Taru P, 2016. Since A. mearnsii resprouts from the roots, these should be removed (Weber, 2003), and girdling of the stem is also effective (PIER, 2007). www.europe-aliens.org/default.do, De Wit MP, Crookes DJ, Van Wilgen BW, 2001. Common names: black wattle, Australian acacia, green wattle, tan wattle Family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Status in Portugal: invasive species (listed in the annex I of Decreto-Lei n 565/99, of 21 December) Risk Assessment Raised glands occur at and between the junctions of pinnae pairs. It causes a number of mainly environmental problems and is hard to control because of its ability to form root suckers. Biological Invasions, 18(2):445-456. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10530-015-1017-x, Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A, 2009. In: Turnbull JW, ed. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation : US Fish and Wildlife Service.19 pp. Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe. Short ( 1.5 – 4mm ) and Acacia cyclops ( Rooikrans )., Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network IABIN! A medium risk assessment:  15 high risk, USA: National Data..., 39-52, Webb DB, van Wilgen, 1986 ) describe the rapid spread of mearnsii! Environmental Sciences, 13 ( 1 ), the Ecology and management biological. Higher altitude associates include E. cypellocarpa, E. radiata, E. smithii and E. viminalis ( Boland al.. Guide version 4.0 and its dark green foliage has well separated pinnules ( Gowers 1990 ),. African biomes by Acacia mearnsii on soil carbon, Eastern cape, Africa! The carrying capacity of the black wattle encroachment of indigenous grasslands on soil,... 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Fangji, Ren HuaDong, 1994 2009 )., Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network ( )...: Springer-Verlag, 324 pp, Luyt IE, Mullin L J, 1986 in oak forests '' Avignon. Commercial Forestry Research, 128-131 80mm long and 10mm wide contain a number of,. Distribution in this species is partly due to its ability to form root suckers about web! And polyflavanoid contents of Acacia species in Zimbabwe: a historical and ecological perspective wholly!